Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-264727

PROSPECTUS

AEYE, INC.

Up to 30,865,419 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the offer and resale of up to 30,865,419 shares of common stock of AEye, Inc. (the “Common Stock”) by Tumim Stone Capital LLC (the “Selling Stockholder” or “Tumim”). The shares of Common Stock being offered by Tumim have been and may be issued pursuant to the purchase agreement dated December 8, 2021 that we entered into with Tumim (the “Purchase Agreement”). We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our Common Stock by Tumim. However, we may receive up to $125.0 million in aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our Common Stock to Tumim that we may make under the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date of this prospectus. On December 8, 2021, we issued 302,634 shares of our Common Stock (the “Commitment Shares”), to Tumim as consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement. See the sections entitled “The Tumim Transaction” for a description of the transaction contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and “Selling Stockholder” for additional information regarding Tumim.

Tumim may sell the shares of our Common Stock included in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how Tumim may sell the shares in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” Tumim is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Tumim will pay all sales and brokerage commissions and similar expenses in connection with the offer and resale of the Common Stock by Tumim pursuant to this prospectus. We will pay the expenses (except sales and brokerage commissions and similar expenses) incurred in registering under the Securities Act the offer and resale of the shares included in this prospectus by Tumim, including legal and accounting fees. See “Plan of Distribution.”

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, and are subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. This prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company.

Our Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) under the symbols “LIDR”. On May 4, 2022, the closing price of our Common Stock was $5.65 per share.

Our business and investment in our Common Stock involve significant risks. These risks are described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is May 16, 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a “shelf” registration process. We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder, although we will receive proceeds from sales of our Common Stock to Tumim that we may make pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, as described in this prospectus.

We may also file a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, and any applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment, or any applicable prospectus supplement prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We and the Selling Stockholder take no responsibility for and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of any other information that others may give you. The Selling Stockholder will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and any applicable prospectus supplement to this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains, and any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may contain, market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications and other publicly available information. We believe this information is reliable as of the applicable date of its publication, however, we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information included in or assumptions relied on in these third-party publications. In addition, the market and industry data and forecasts that may be included in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment or any prospectus supplement may involve estimates, assumptions and other risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, any post-effective amendment and the applicable prospectus supplement. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

We own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that we use in connection with the operation of our business. In addition, our name, logos and website name and address are our trademarks or service marks. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this prospectus are listed without the applicable ^®, ^™ and SM symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

On February 17, 2021, AEye Technologies, Inc., then known as AEye, Inc. (“AEye Technologies”), entered into the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with CF Finance Acquisition Corp. III, a Delaware corporation (“CF III”), now known as AEye, Inc., and Meliora Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of CF III (“Merger Sub”). Based on CF III’s business activities, it was a “shell company” as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). On August 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), CF III closed the business combination (the “Merger,” and together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Transactions”) pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and Merger Sub was merged with and into AEye Technologies with AEye Technologies surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of CF III. On the Closing Date, and in connection with the closing of

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the Transactions (the “Closing”), CF III changed its name to AEye, Inc. Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our”, “AEye”, “Company”, and “post-combination entity” refer to AEye, Inc. and its subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger or to AEye Technologies and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Merger.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, and any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including the risks, uncertainties and assumptions described under the section in this prospectus titled “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, including, without limitation, the following:

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. Some of these risks and

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uncertainties may in the future be amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, new risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, the forward-looking statements in this prospectus may not prove to be accurate. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances, or otherwise.

You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Common Stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as a result, the market price of our Common Stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth below.

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

As noted above, our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in this “Risk Factors” section that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and growth of our business. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in this “Risk Factors” section alone or in combination with other events or circumstances may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Such risks include, but are not limited to:

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are an early stage company with a history of losses and we expect to incur significant expenses and continuing losses through at least 2024.

We have incurred net losses in each year since our inception. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred net losses of approximately $65.0 million and $26.6 million, respectively. We expect that we will continue to incur significant losses through at least 2024 as we:

As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $151.8 million. Even if we are able to increase sales or licensing of our products, there can be no assurance that we will be commercially successful. Since we will incur the costs and expenses from these efforts prior to receiving incremental revenues with respect thereto, our losses in future periods will be significant. If our products do not achieve sufficient market acceptance, we will not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable, or if we are unable to fund our continuing losses, we may be unable to continue our business operations. There can be no assurance that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.

We have been focused on developing our deterministic artificial intelligence-driven sensing system for vehicle autonomy, ADAS, and industrial applications since 2013. This relatively limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter, which include our ability to:

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If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as those predictions would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market. We have encountered in the past, and will continue to encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the current global COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics and outbreaks.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and affected our business operations, which has led to business and supply chain disruptions. For example, our offices and R&D and manufacturing locations have been, and continue to be, impacted due to national and regional government declarations requiring closures, quarantines, and travel restrictions, although those government-imposed restrictions have begun to ease in some parts of the world. However, given the unpredictable nature of COVID-19 and its variants, including Delta, Omicron, and the recently discovered “Deltacron” variant, it is difficult, if not impossible, to predict, whether those government-imposed restrictions will be reimposed at previous levels or enhanced in one or more ways impacting our business operations or those of third parties upon which we rely. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including associated business interruptions and recovery, as well as other possible epidemics or outbreaks of other contagions could result in a material adverse impact on our business or our current or anticipated customers’ or suppliers’ business operations, including reduction or suspension of operations in the U.S. or other parts of the world. Our design and engineering operations, among others, cannot all be conducted remotely and often require on-site access to materials and equipment. We have customers, suppliers, and partners with international operations, and our customers, suppliers, and partners also depend on suppliers and manufacturers worldwide, which means that our business and prospects could be affected by the continuation or worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic anywhere in the world. Depending upon the duration of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated business interruptions, our customers, suppliers, manufacturers, and partners may suspend or

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delay their engagement with us. We and our customers’ and suppliers’ response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may prove to be inadequate and they may be unable to continue their respective operations in the manner they had prior to the outbreak or the worsening of the outbreak, and we may consequently endure interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our product development, and shipments, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, when the pandemic subsides, we cannot assure you as to the timing of any economic recovery, which could have a material adverse effect on our target markets and our business.

We continue to implement strategic initiatives designed to grow our business. These initiatives may prove more costly than we currently anticipate and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue in an amount sufficient to offset the costs of these initiatives and to achieve and maintain profitability.

We continue to make investments and implement initiatives designed to grow our business, including:

These initiatives may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue, if at all, in an amount sufficient to offset these higher expenses and to achieve and maintain profitability. The market opportunities we are pursuing are at an early stage of development, and it may be many years before the end markets we expect to serve generate demand for our products at scale, if at all. Our revenue may be adversely affected for a number of reasons, including the development and/or market acceptance of new technology that competes with our products, if automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), Tier 1 automotive suppliers, or other market participants change their view towards autonomous vehicles or ADAS technologies or strategies, the failure of our customers to commercialize autonomous systems that include our solutions, our inability to effectively manage or outsource the management of our inventory, manufacturing, or contract manufacturing of products at scale, our inability to enter new markets or to help our customers adapt our products for new applications, or our failure to attract new customers or secure production orders from existing customers currently analyzing our solutions, or increasing competition. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict the size and growth rate of our target markets, customer demand for our products, commercialization timelines, developments in autonomous sensing, developments in ADAS and related technologies, the entry of competitive products, or the success of existing competitive products and services. For these reasons, we do not expect to achieve profitability over the near term. If our revenue does not grow over the long term, our ability to achieve and maintain profitability may be adversely affected, and the value of our business may significantly decrease.

If our deterministic artificial intelligence-driven sensing system is not selected for inclusion in ADAS technology by automotive OEMs or their suppliers, our business will be materially and adversely affected.

Automotive OEMs and their suppliers design and develop ADAS technology over several years. These automotive OEMs and suppliers undertake extensive testing or qualification processes prior to placing orders for large quantities of products, such as our active lidar products, because such products will function as part of a larger system or platform and must meet specifications that we do not control or dictate. We spend significant time and resources to have our products selected by automotive OEMs and their suppliers, which we refer to as a “design win.” In the case of autonomous driving and ADAS technology, a design win means our active lidar product has been selected for use in a particular vehicle model or models. If we do not achieve a design win with

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respect to a particular vehicle model, we may not have an opportunity to supply our products to the automotive OEM or its supplier for that vehicle model for a period of many years. In many cases, this period can be as long as five to seven years (or more). If our products are not selected by an automotive OEM or our suppliers for one vehicle model or if our products are not successful in that vehicle model, it is less likely that our product will be deployed in other vehicle models of that automotive OEM. If we fail to obtain design wins for a significant number of vehicle models from one or more automotive OEMs or their suppliers, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected. Our business model for the Automotive market is based on our relationships with Tier 1 suppliers. If these relationships do not materialize, automotive OEMs may be less inclined to select our products for use in their vehicle models. The period of time from a design win to implementation is long and we are subject to the risks of cancellation or postponement of the contract or unsuccessful implementation.

Our forward-looking estimates of certain financial metrics may prove inaccurate.

We use various estimates in formulating our business plans. We base our estimates upon a number of assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business and economic uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Our estimates therefore may prove inaccurate, causing the actual amount to differ from our estimates. These factors include, without limitation:

Our products require key components and critical raw materials and our inability to reduce and control the cost of such components and raw materials could negatively impact the adoption of our products and accordingly, our financial condition and operating results.

The production of our components is dependent on sourcing certain key components and raw materials at acceptable price levels. If we or our licensees or contract manufacturers are unable to adequately reduce and control the costs of such key components, they will be unable to realize manufacturing costs targets, which could reduce the market adoption of our products, damage our reputation with current or prospective customers, and have an adverse effect on our brand, business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

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Continued pricing pressures, automotive OEM and Tier 1 supplier cost reduction initiatives, and the ability of automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to re-source or cancel vehicle or technology programs may result in lower than anticipated revenues, or cause substantial losses, which may adversely affect our business.

Cost-cutting initiatives adopted by our customers may result in continued downward pressure on pricing. Our agreements and partnerships with automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers may require step-downs in pricing over the term of the agreement or partnership, or if commercialized, over the period of production. In addition, our automotive OEM and Tier 1 suppliers often reserve the right to terminate their supply contracts for convenience, which enhances their ability to obtain price reductions. Automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers also possess significant leverage over their suppliers, including us, because the automotive component supply industry is highly competitive, serves a limited number of customers, and has a high fixed cost base. See also the risk factor entitled, “We operate in a highly competitive market involving emerging technology. We compete against a number of competitors, some of whom have substantially greater resources than us,” below.

Accordingly, we expect to be subject to substantial and continuing pricing pressure from automotive OEMs, Tier 1 suppliers, and lidar competitors, which may impact the revenue we receive from licensing our product designs or selling our products. It is possible that pricing pressures beyond our expectations could intensify as automotive OEMs, Tier 1 suppliers, and lidar competitors pursue restructuring, consolidation, and cost-cutting initiatives. If we are unable to identify sufficient design cost savings to meet the expectations of automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers, our revenue and profitability would be adversely affected.

We expect to incur substantial R&D costs and devote significant resources to identifying and commercializing new products, which could significantly reduce our profitability and may never result in revenue to us.

Our future growth depends on penetrating new markets, adapting existing products to new applications and customer requirements, and introducing new products that achieve market acceptance. We plan to incur substantial and increasing R&D costs as part of our efforts to design, develop, manufacture, and commercialize new products and enhance existing products. Our R&D expenses were approximately $26.5 million and $17.1 million during 2021 and 2020, respectively, and are likely to grow in the future. Because we account for R&D as an operating expense, these expenditures will adversely affect our results of operations in the future. Further, our R&D program may not produce successful results, and our new products may not achieve market acceptance, create additional revenue, or become profitable.

Although we believe that lidar is an essential technology for autonomous vehicles and other emerging applications, market adoption of lidar is uncertain. If market adoption of lidar does not continue to develop, or adoption is deferred, or otherwise develops more slowly than we expect, our business will be adversely affected.

While our artificial intelligence-driven lidar-based sensing system can be applied to different use cases across end markets, approximately 76% and 79% of our revenue during 2021 and 2020, respectively, was generated from automotive applications with a few customers in the aerospace, delivery, shuttle, railway, mining, and aviation sectors. Despite the fact that the automotive industry has expended considerable effort to research and test lidar products for ADAS and autonomous driving applications, the automotive industry may not introduce lidar products in commercially available vehicles on a timeframe that matches our expectations, or at all. We continually study emerging and competing sensing technologies and methodologies, and we may incorporate new sensing technologies to our product portfolio over time. However, lidar products remain relatively new and it is possible that other sensing modalities, or a new disruptive modality based on new or existing technologies, including a combination of technologies, will achieve acceptance or leadership in the ADAS and autonomous driving space. Even if lidar products are used in initial generations of autonomous driving technology and ADAS products, we cannot guarantee that lidar products will be designed into or included in subsequent generations of such commercialized technology. In addition, we expect that initial generations of autonomous vehicles will be focused on limited applications, such as robo-taxis and shuttles, and that mass market adoption of autonomous

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technology may lag significantly behind these initial applications. The speed of market adoption and growth for ADAS or autonomous vehicles is difficult, if not impossible, to predict, and it is more difficult to predict this market’s future growth in light of the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and other macroeconomic factors. Although we currently believe we have a differentiated market leading technology for the autonomous vehicle market, by the time mass market adoption of autonomous vehicle technology is achieved, we expect competition among providers of sensing technology based on lidar and other modalities to increase substantially. If, by the time autonomous vehicle technology achieves mass market adoption, commercialization of lidar products is not successful, or not as successful as we or the market expects, or if other sensing modalities gain acceptance by developers of ADAS products, automotive OEMs, regulators, safety organizations, or other market participants, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

We are investing in and pursuing market opportunities outside of the Automotive market, including in the aerospace and defense, shuttle, delivery vehicle, drone, railway, intelligent transport, and mining sectors. We believe that our future revenue growth, if any, will depend in part on our ability to expand within new markets such as these and to enter new markets as they emerge. Each of these markets presents distinct risks and, in many cases, requires that we address the particular requirements of that market.

Addressing these requirements can be time-consuming and costly. The market for lidar technology is relatively new, rapidly developing, and unproven in many markets or industries. Many of our prospective customers are still in the testing and development phases and we cannot be certain that they will commercialize products or systems with our lidar products, or at all. We cannot be certain that lidar will be sold into these markets, or that lidar will be sold into any markets at scale. Adoption of lidar products, including our products, will depend on numerous factors, including whether the technological capabilities of lidar and lidar-based products meet users’ current or anticipated needs, whether the benefits associated with designing lidar into larger sensing systems outweigh the costs, complexity, and time needed to deploy such technology or replace or modify existing systems that may have used other modalities, such as cameras and radar, whether users in other applications can move beyond the testing and development phases and proceed to commercializing systems supported by lidar technology and whether lidar developers such as us can keep pace with the expected rapid technological change in certain developing markets, and the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other macroeconomic factors, and the length of any associated economic recovery. If lidar technology does not achieve commercial success, or if adoption of lidar is deferred or the market otherwise develops at a pace slower than we expect, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected.

We may experience difficulties in managing our growth and expanding our operations.

We expect to experience significant growth in the scope and nature of our operations. Our ability to manage our operations and future growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls, legal and compliance programs, and reporting systems. We may not be able to implement improvements in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing controls, programs, systems, and procedures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation, and financial results.

We rely on third-party suppliers and because some of the raw materials and key components in our products come from limited or single source suppliers, we are susceptible to supply shortages, longer than anticipated lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain and could delay deliveries of our products to customers.

Most of the components that go into the manufacturing of our solutions are sourced from third-party suppliers. To date, we have produced our products in relatively limited quantities for use in R&D programs. Although we do not have any experience in managing our supply chain to manufacture and deliver our products at scale, our future success will depend on our ability to do so. Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from limited or single source suppliers. We are therefore subject to the risk of shortages and long lead

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times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. We have a global supply chain and the COVID-19 pandemic, other epidemics and outbreaks, and other macroeconomic factors that may adversely affect our ability to source components in a timely or cost-effective manner from our third-party suppliers due to, among other things, work stoppages or interruptions. For example, our products depend on lasers. Any shortage of these lasers could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture our solutions. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. While we have entered into agreements with some suppliers for the supply of certain components at set prices, such quantities are limited given we are not yet producing at scale. Therefore, we have in the past experienced, and may in the future experience, component shortages and price fluctuations of key components and materials, and the predictability of the availability and pricing of these components may be limited. Component shortages or pricing fluctuations could be material in the future. In the event of a component shortage, supply interruption, or a material pricing change from suppliers of these components, we may not be able to develop alternate sources in a timely manner, or at all, especially in the case of sole or limited source items. Developing alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult, and costly and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our ability to meet our requirements or to fill customer orders in a timely manner. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these parts or components, or the inability to obtain these parts or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would adversely affect our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our customers. This could adversely affect our relationships with our customers and channel partners and could cause delays in shipment of our products and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, increased component costs could result in lower gross margins. Even where we are able to pass increased component costs along to our customers, there may be a lapse of time before we are able to do so such that we will be required to absorb some or all of the increased cost. If we are unable to buy these components in quantities sufficient to meet our requirements on a timely basis, we will not be able to deliver products to our customers, which may result in such customers using competitive products instead of our products.

Because our sales have been primarily to customers making purchases for R&D projects and customers’ current orders are project-based, we expect our results of operations to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which could cause our stock price to fluctuate or decline.

Our quarterly results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may vary significantly in the future. As such, historical comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. In particular, because our sales to date have primarily been to customers making purchases for their own R&D, sales in any given quarter can fluctuate based on the timing and success of our customers’ development projects. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. These fluctuations could adversely affect our ability to meet our expectations or those of securities analysts, ratings agencies, or investors. If we do not meet these expectations for any period, the value of our business and our securities, could decline significantly. Factors that may cause these quarterly fluctuations include, without limitation, those listed below:

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We may face risks associated with our reliance on certain artificial intelligence and machine learning models.

We rely on artificial intelligence and machine learning (“AI/ML”) in the development of our deterministic artificial intelligence-driven sensing system for vehicle autonomy, ADAS, and industrial applications. The AI/ML models that we use are trained using various data sets. If the AI/ML models are incorrectly designed, the data we use to train them is incomplete, inadequate, or biased in some way, or if we do not have sufficient rights to use the data on which our AI/ML models rely, the performance of our products, services, and business, as well as our reputation, could suffer or we could incur liability through the violation of laws, third-party privacy, or other rights, or contracts to which we are a party.

Our outsourced manufacturing business model for the Industrial and Mobility markets may not be successful, which could harm our ability to deliver products and recognize revenue in the Industrial and Mobility markets.

Our manufacturing strategy for the Industrial and Mobility markets has always been focused on outsourcing volume manufacturing to contract manufacturers while maintaining the design, engineering, prototyping, testing, and pilot manufacturing in-house at our facility in Dublin, California. We currently have agreements with certain third-party manufacturers to provide contract manufacturing, testing, and delivery of certain of our products.

Reliance on third-party manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process, including reduced control over quality, product costs, and product supply and timing. We may experience delays in shipments or issues concerning product quality from our third-party manufacturers. If any of our third-party manufacturers experience interruptions, delays, or disruptions in supplying our products, including by natural disasters, the global COVID-19 pandemic, other epidemics or outbreaks of other contagions, increased military conflict, especially in Eastern Europe, or work stoppages or capacity constraints, our ability to ship products would be

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delayed. In addition, unfavorable economic conditions could result in financial distress among third-party manufacturers upon which we rely, thereby increasing the risk of disruption of supplies necessary to fulfill our production requirements and meet customer demands. Additionally, if any of our third-party manufacturers experience quality control problems in their manufacturing operations and our products do not meet customer or regulatory requirements, it could be required to cover the cost of repair or replacement of any defective products. These delays or product quality issues could have an immediate and material adverse effect on our ability to fulfill orders and could have a negative effect on our operating results. In addition, such delays or issues with product quality could adversely affect our reputation and our relationship with our channel partners. If our third-party manufacturers experience financial, operational, manufacturing capacity, or other difficulties, or experience shortages in required components, or if they are otherwise unable or unwilling to continue to manufacture our products in required volumes or at all, our supply may be disrupted, we may be required to seek alternate manufacturers, and we may be required to re-design our products. It would be time-consuming, and could be costly and impracticable, to begin to use new manufacturers or designs, and such changes could cause significant interruptions in supply and could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries, and may subsequently lead to the loss of sales. While we take measures to protect our trade secrets, the use of third-party manufacturers may also risk disclosure of our innovative and proprietary manufacturing methodologies, which could adversely affect our business.

We engage international contract manufacturers, and therefore we may face risks associated with manufacturing operations outside the United States.

To the extent our manufacturing is done outside of the United States, we are subject to several inherent risks, including:

We intend to continue to engage with contract manufacturers outside the United States, therefore we will be subject to these risks, each of which could increase our costs and decrease our profit margins.

We, our outsourcing partners, and our suppliers rely on complex machinery for production of our lidar solutions, which involves a significant degree of risk and uncertainty in terms of operational performance and costs.

We, our outsourcing partners, and our suppliers rely on complex machinery for the production, assembly, and installation of our lidar solutions, which involve a significant degree of uncertainty and risk in terms of operational performance and costs. Our limited in-house production facility, and the facilities of our outsourcing partners and suppliers, consist of large-scale machinery combining many components. These components may suffer unexpected malfunctions from time to time and will require repairs and spare parts to resume operations, which may not be available when needed. Unexpected malfunctions of these components may significantly affect intended operational efficiency. Operational performance and costs can be difficult to predict and are often influenced by factors outside of our control, such as, but not limited to, scarcity of natural resources, environmental hazards and remediation, costs associated with decommissioning of machines, labor disputes and

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strikes, difficulty or delays in obtaining governmental permits, damages or defects in electronic systems, industrial accidents, fires, seismic activity, and other natural and manufactured disasters. Should such operational risks materialize, it may result in personal injury to or death of workers, loss of production equipment, damage to production facilities, monetary losses, delays, and unanticipated fluctuations in production, environmental damage, administrative fines, increased insurance costs and potential legal liabilities, some of which may be the responsibility of our outsourcing partners and suppliers, but could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results.

As part of growing our business, we may make acquisitions. If we fail to successfully select, execute, or integrate our acquisitions, then our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected, and our stock price could decline.

From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions to add new products and technologies, acquire talent, gain new sales channels, or enter into new markets or sales territories. In addition to possible stockholder approval, we may need approvals and licenses from relevant governmental authorities for the acquisitions and to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may disrupt our business strategy if we fail to obtain such required approvals. Furthermore, acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets, businesses, key personnel, customers, vendors, and suppliers will require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets, and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and closing acquisitions may be significant.

To date, we have very limited experience with acquisitions and the integration of acquired technology and personnel. Failure to successfully identify, complete, manage, and integrate acquisitions could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and could cause our stock price to decline.

Our sales and operations in international markets expose us to associated operational, financial, and regulatory risks.

Sales to international customers accounted for 26% and 79% of our revenue in 2021 and 2020, respectively. We are committed to growing our international sales, and while we have committed resources to expanding our international operations and sales channels, these efforts may not be successful. International operations are subject to a number of other risks, including:

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The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The complexity of our products could result in unforeseen delays or expenses from undetected defects, errors, or reliability issues in our hardware or software which could reduce the market adoption of our products, damage our reputation with current or prospective customers, expose us to product liability and other claims, and thereby adversely affect our operating costs.

Our products are highly technical, very complex, and require high standards to manufacture. Our products have in the past experienced, and will likely in the future experience, defects, errors, or reliability issues at various stages of development, production, and use. We may be unable to timely release new products, manufacture existing products, correct problems that have arisen, or correct such problems to our customers’ satisfaction. Additionally, undetected errors, defects, or security vulnerabilities, especially as new products are introduced or as new versions are released, could result in serious injury to the end users of the technology incorporating our products, or those in the surrounding area, our customers never being able to commercialize technology incorporating our products, litigation against us, negative publicity, and other consequences. These risks are particularly prevalent in the highly competitive autonomous driving and ADAS markets. Some errors or defects in our products may only be discovered after they have been tested, commercialized, and deployed by customers. If that is the case, we may incur significant additional development costs and product recall, repair, or replacement costs. These problems may also result in claims, including class actions, against us. Our reputation or brand may be damaged as a result of these problems and customers may be reluctant to buy our products thereafter, which could adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers, and could adversely affect our financial results.

In addition, we could face material legal claims for breach of contract, product liability, fraud, tort, or breach of warranty as a result. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, our business liability insurance coverage could prove inadequate with respect to a claim and future coverage may be unavailable on acceptable terms, or at all. These product-related issues could result in claims against us and our business could be adversely affected.

We may be subject to product liability or warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our customers intend to use our solutions in autonomous driving and ADAS applications; the operation of motor vehicles, even with our solutions embedded, does present the risk of significant injury, including fatalities. We

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may be subject to claims if a product using our active lidar technology is involved in an accident and persons are injured or purport to be injured. Any insurance that we carry may not be sufficient or it may not apply to all situations. Similarly, our customers could be subjected to claims as a result of such accidents and bring legal claims against us to attempt to hold us liable. In addition, if lawmakers or governmental agencies were to determine that the use of our products, autonomous driving, or certain other ADAS applications increased the risk of injury to all or a subset of our customers, they may pass laws or adopt regulations that limit the use of our products, increase the liability associated with the use of our products, or regulate the use of or delay the deployment of autonomous driving and ADAS technology. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, relationships with customers, operating results, or financial condition.

Suppliers to automotive OEMs may require that we provide a warranty, either directly or indirectly, on our products, including our embedded software. The occurrence of any material defects in our products during the warranty period could make us liable for damages and warranty claims. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims, or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could affect our brand image, partner and customer demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Also, warranty, recall and product liability claims may result in litigation, including class actions, the occurrence of which could be costly, lengthy, and distracting, and adversely affect our business and operating results.

If we do not maintain sufficient inventory or if we do not adequately manage our inventory, we could lose sales or incur higher inventory-related expenses, which could negatively affect our operating results.

To ensure adequate inventory, we must forecast inventory needs and expenses, place orders sufficiently in advance with our suppliers and manufacturing partners, and manufacture products based on our estimates of future demand for particular products. Fluctuations in the adoption of lidar products may affect our ability to forecast our future operating results, including revenue, gross margins, cash flows, and profitability. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products could be affected by many factors, including the accuracy of the forecasts that we receive from our customers, the rapidly changing nature of the autonomous driving and ADAS markets in which we operate, the uncertainty surrounding the market acceptance and commercialization of lidar technology, the emergence of new markets, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products or for products and services of our competitors, product introductions by competitors, the COVID-19 pandemic, other epidemics or outbreaks of other contagions, any work stoppages or interruptions, unanticipated changes in general market conditions, and the general weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence, which may be exacerbated by the military actions in Ukraine. If our lidar products are commercialized in autonomous driving and ADAS applications, both of which are experiencing rapid growth in demand, we may face challenges acquiring adequate supplies to manufacture our products and/or we and our manufacturing partners may not be able to manufacture our products at a rate necessary to satisfy the levels of demand, which would negatively affect our revenue. This risk may be enhanced by the fact that we may not carry or be able to obtain for our manufacturing partners a significant level of inventory to satisfy short-term increases in demand. If we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products available-for-sale.

Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which would adversely affect our financial results, including our gross margin, and have a negative effect on our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our products, we, or our manufacturing partners, may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements, and this could result in damage to our brand and customer relationships, and adversely affect our revenue and operating results.

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Our forecasts and projections are based upon assumptions, analyses and internal estimates developed by our management. If these assumptions, analyses or estimates prove to be incorrect or inaccurate, our actual operating results may differ materially from those forecasted or projected.

Our forecasts and projections included in this registration statement are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions, analyses and internal estimates developed by our management, any or all of which may not prove to be correct or accurate. If these assumptions, analyses or estimates prove to be incorrect or inaccurate, our actual operating results may differ materially from those forecasted or projected.

The forecasts and projections in this registration statement include forecasts and estimates relating to the expected size and growth of the markets for which we operate or seek to enter, and assumes that we are able to achieve a certain projected market share of the total addressable market. Such markets may not develop or grow, or may develop and grow at a lower rate than expected, and even if these markets experience the forecasted growth described in this registration statement, we may not achieve such projected market share. Our future growth is subject to many factors, including, among others, our ability to develop and commercialize our products and the market’s adoption of our products, both of which are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, the forecasts and estimates of market size and growth described in this registration statement should not be taken as indicative of our future outlook. In addition, these forecasts do not take into account the impact of the current global COVID-19 pandemic and other macroeconomic events, and we cannot assure you that these forecasts will not be materially and adversely affected as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other macroeconomic events.

The average selling prices of our products or our fees or royalties from technology licenses could decrease rapidly over the life of the product or license term, which may negatively affect our revenue and gross margin.

We may experience declines in the average selling prices of our products generally as our customers seek to commercialize autonomous systems at prices low enough to achieve market acceptance or due to competitive pressures. In order to sell products that have a falling average unit selling price and maintain margins at the same time, we will need to continually reduce product and manufacturing costs. To manage manufacturing costs, we and our Tier 1 partners must engineer the most cost-effective design for our products. In addition, we continuously drive initiatives to reduce assembly cost, improve efficiency, reduce the cost of materials, use fewer materials, and further lower overall product costs by carefully managing component prices, inventory, and shipping costs. We also need to continually introduce new and competitive products in order to maintain our overall gross margin. We may also experience declines in fees or royalties from licensing our technology as customers reduce the prices of products incorporating our licensed technology in order to achieve market acceptance or due to competitive pressures. If we are unable to manage the cost structure of our products, successfully introduce new products with higher gross margins, and develop new technology that we can license at attractive royalty rates, our revenue and overall gross margin would likely decline.

Adverse conditions in the automotive industry or downturns in domestic or global economic conditions, or other macroeconomic factors more generally, could have adverse effects on our results of operations.

While we make our strategic planning decisions based on the assumption that the markets we are targeting will grow, our business is dependent, in large part on, and directly affected by, business cycles and other factors affecting the global automotive industry and the global economy generally. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rates and credit availability, changes in inflation rates, as the U.S. is now experiencing, consumer confidence, fuel costs, fuel availability, environmental impact, governmental incentives and regulatory requirements, and political volatility, especially in energy-producing countries and growth markets. In addition, the recent outbreak of hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and global reactions thereto have increased U.S. domestic and global energy prices. Oil supply disruptions related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and sanctions and other measures taken by the U.S. and its allies, could lead to higher costs for gas,

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food, and goods in the U.S. and exacerbate the inflationary pressures on the economy, with potentially adverse impacts on our customers and on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Moreover, certain raw materials needed to produce components that are incorporated into our products, and the products of our customers, are primarily derived in the region in which the Russia-Ukraine conflict is occurring. The longer the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues and the more damage to Ukrainian infrastructure that occurs, the greater the impact could be on the supply of such raw materials, and the failure to have access to such raw materials could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (“CISA”), has warned all organizations in the U.S. to be on guard against possible cyber-attacks coming from Russia which has the potential to disrupt business operations, limit access to essential services, and threaten public safety.

Automotive production and sales can also be affected by our automotive OEM and Tier 1 supplier customers’ ability to continue operating in response to challenging economic conditions and in response to labor relations issues, regulatory requirements, trade agreements and other factors, such as the unavailability of unrelated components in the assembly of automobiles, an example of which is the current shortage of semiconductors necessary for automobile production. The volume of automotive production in North America, Europe, and the rest of the world has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year, and we expect such fluctuations to give rise to fluctuations in the demand for our products and licenses of our technology. Any significant adverse change in any of these factors may result in a reduction in automotive sales and production by our automotive OEM and Tier 1 supplier customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Customers with which we enter into supply agreements may require changes to our products or may be subject to renegotiation or termination in a short time period, which would materially and adversely affect our business.

If we and our partners are able to secure design wins so that our solutions are included in autonomous driving and ADAS products, we expect that we, or our Tier 1 partners will enter into supply agreements with that customer. Market practice dictates that these supply agreements typically require us to supply a customer’s requirements for a particular vehicle model or autonomous driving or ADAS product, rather than supply a set number of products. These arrangements can have short terms, be subject to renegotiation, or may be reduced or otherwise terminated, the occurrence of any of which may affect product pricing and future profitability. Therefore, even if we are successful in obtaining design wins, and we or our Tier 1 partners are able to enter into definitive agreements with OEMs, and the systems into which our products are built are commercialized, the discontinuation of, the loss of business with respect to, or a lack of commercial success of a particular vehicle model or technology package for which we are a significant supplier could mean that the expected sales of our products will not materialize, materially and adversely affecting our business.

Since many of the markets in which we compete are new and rapidly evolving, it is difficult to forecast long-term end-customer adoption rates and demand for our products.

We are pursuing opportunities in markets that are undergoing rapid changes, including technological and regulatory changes, and it is difficult to predict the timing and size of the opportunities. For example, autonomous driving and lidar-based ADAS applications require the utilization of complex technology. Because these systems depend on technology from many companies, commercialization of autonomous driving or ADAS products could be delayed or impaired on account of certain technological components not being ready to be deployed in automobiles. We are in the process of developing necessary relationships with commercial partners which may not result in the commercialization of our technology immediately, or at all. Regulatory, safety, or reliability developments, many of which are outside of our control, could also cause delays or otherwise impair commercial adoption of these new technologies, which will adversely affect our growth. Our future financial performance will depend on our ability to make timely investments in emerging market opportunities. If one or more of these markets experience a shift in customer or prospective customer demand, our products may not

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compete as effectively, if at all, and they may not be designed into commercialized products. Given the evolving nature of the markets in which we operate, it is difficult to predict customer demand or adoption rates for our products or the future growth of these markets. If demand does not develop or if we cannot accurately forecast customer demand, the size or timing of our markets, inventory requirements, or our future financial results, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.

We currently have and target many customers that are large corporations with substantial negotiating power, exacting product standards, and potentially competitive internal solutions. If we are unable to sell our products to these customers, our prospects and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Many of our current and potential customers are large, multinational corporations with substantial negotiating power relative to us and, in some instances, may have internal solutions that are competitive to our products. These large, multinational corporations also have significant development resources, which may allow them to acquire or develop independently, or in partnership with others, competitive technologies. Meeting the technical requirements and securing design wins with any of these companies will require a substantial investment of our time and resources. We cannot assure you that our products will secure design wins from these or other companies or that we will generate meaningful revenue from the sales of our products to these key potential customers. If our products are not selected by these potential customers or if these potential customers develop or acquire competitive technology, it will have an adverse effect on our business.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we lost any of our large customers or strategic partners, if their demand for our products declined due to factors outside of our control, including component shortages (whether related to our products or otherwise) that impact our customers’ overall production plans or product development plans, or if our customers were unable to pay their invoices.

Although we have and continue to pursue a broad customer base, we are dependent on a collection of customer relationships which are currently in development with strong purchasing power. In 2021, Continental AG accounted for approximately 55% of our annual revenue and, in 2020, ZKW Group GmbH (an affiliate of LG Electronics) accounted for approximately 66% of our annual revenue. The loss of business from any of our major customers (whether by lower overall demand for our products, component shortages that impact our customers’ production plans or product development plans, cancellation of existing contracts or product orders, or the failure to design in our products, or an award of initial or new business) could have a material adverse effect on our business.

To the extent autonomous vehicle and ADAS become accepted by major automotive OEMs, we expect that we will rely increasingly for our revenue on Tier 1 suppliers through which automotive OEMs procure components. We expect that these Tier 1 suppliers will be responsible for certain hardware and software configuration activities specific to each automotive OEM, and they may not exclusively carry our solutions.

There is also a risk that one or more of our major customers could be unable to pay our invoices as they become due or that a customer will simply refuse to make such payments if it experiences financial difficulties. If our customers face financial difficulties, they may also cancel current or future product programs that could materially and adversely impact our financial results. If a major customer were to enter into bankruptcy proceedings or similar proceedings whereby contractual commitments are subject to a stay and the possibility of modifications, we could be forced to record a substantial loss.

We are substantially relying on our relationship with Continental AG; our business could be materially and adversely affected if our relationship with Continental was terminated, or if we, through our relationship with Continental, are unable to obtain a sufficient number of design wins and successfully enter into definitive agreements or other commercial arrangements with automotive OEMs with respect to such design wins.

Our business prospects are substantially based on our relationship with Continental. We have entered into a Joint Development Agreement with Continental pursuant to which Continental will license from us the rights to

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manufacture and integrate our lidar solution into automotive OEM model lines through long-term series production contracts with automotive OEMs. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or further our relationship with Continental and/or that Continental will secure orders for our product designs and software. If we are unable to maintain or progress our relationship with Continental, or if Continental is unable to secure a sufficient number of design wins and successfully enter into definitive agreements or other commercial arrangements with automotive OEMs, then our business could be materially and adversely affected.

If we are unable to establish and maintain confidence in our long-term business prospects among customers and analysts within our industry or we are subject to negative publicity, then our financial condition, operating results, business prospects, and access to capital may suffer materially.

Customers may be less likely to purchase our lidar solutions if they are not convinced that our business will succeed or that our service and support and other operations will continue in the long term.

Similarly, suppliers and other third parties will be less likely to invest time and resources in developing business relationships with us if they are not convinced that our business will succeed. Accordingly, in order to build and maintain our business, we must maintain confidence among customers, suppliers, analysts, ratings agencies, and others in our products, long-term financial viability, and business prospects. Maintaining such confidence may be particularly complicated by certain factors including those that are largely outside of our control, such as our limited operating history, customer familiarity with our lidar solutions, any delays in scaling production, delivery, and service operations to meet demand, competition, uncertainty regarding the future of autonomous vehicles, and our production and sales performance compared with market expectations.

Our investments in educating our customers and potential customers about the advantages of lidar and our applications may not result in sales of our products.

Educating our prospective customers, and to a lesser extent, our existing customers, about lidar, our advantages over other sensing technologies, and lidar’s ability to convey value in different industries and deployments is an integral part of developing new business and the lidar market generally. If prospective customers have a negative perception of, or experience with, lidar, or a competitor’s lidar products, they may be reluctant to adopt lidar in general or specifically our products. Adverse statements about lidar by influential market participants may also deter adoption. Some of our competitors have significant financial or marketing resources that may allow them to engage in public marketing campaigns about their alternative technology, lidar generally, or our solutions specifically. Our efforts to educate potential customers and the market generally, and to counter any adverse statements made by competitors or other market participants, will require significant financial and personnel resources. These educational efforts may not be successful, and we may not be in a position to offset the costs of such efforts with revenue from new customers. If we are unable to acquire new customers to offset these expenses or if the market accepts such adverse statements, our financial condition will be adversely affected.

The period of time from a design win to implementation is long and we are subject to the risks of cancellation or postponement of the contract or unsuccessful implementation.

Prospective customers, including those in the automotive industry, generally must make significant commitments of resources to test and validate products like ours and confirm that they can integrate these products with other technologies before including them in any particular system, product, or model. The development cycles for our products with new customers varies widely depending on the application, market, customer, and the complexity of the product. In the Automotive market, for example, this development cycle can be five to seven years (or more). The development cycle in certain other markets can be months to one or two years (or more). These development cycles result in us investing our resources prior to realizing any revenue from commercialization. Further, we are subject to the risk that customers cancel or postpone implementation of our technology or our customers are unable to integrate our technology successfully into a larger system. If our customers face financial difficulties, they may also cancel current or future product programs that could materially and adversely impact

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our financial results. Further, our revenue could be less than forecasted if the system, product, or vehicle model that includes our lidar products is unsuccessful, including for reasons unrelated to our technology. Long development cycles and product cancellations or postponements may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We operate in a highly competitive market involving emerging technology. We compete against a number of competitors, some of whom have substantially greater resources than us.

The markets for sensing technology applicable to autonomous solutions across numerous industries are highly competitive. Our future success will depend on our ability to achieve a leadership position in our targeted markets by continuing to develop, and protect from infringement, advanced lidar technology in a timely manner and to stay ahead of existing and new competitors. Our competitors compete with us directly by offering lidar products and indirectly by attempting to solve some of the same challenges with different technologies. Our current and future competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, established relationships, or existing contracts with Tier 1 suppliers and/or OEMs, and substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources. We face competition from a number of sources including camera and radar companies, other developers of lidar products, Tier 1 suppliers, and other technology and automotive supply companies. In the Automotive market, our competitors have commercialized both lidar and non-lidar-based ADAS technology that has achieved market adoption, strong brand recognition, and is expected to improve over time. Other competitors are working towards commercializing autonomous driving technology and either by themselves, or with a publicly announced partner, and have substantial financial, marketing, R&D, and other resources. Some of our customers in the autonomous vehicle and ADAS markets have announced development efforts or made acquisitions directed at creating their own lidar-based or other sensing technologies, which would compete with our solutions. We do not know how close these competitors are to commercializing autonomous driving systems or novel ADAS applications. In markets outside of the automotive industry, our competitors seek to develop new sensing applications across industries. Even in these emerging markets, we face substantial competition from numerous competitors seeking to prove the value of their technology.

Additionally, competition may result in pricing pressure and reduced margins, and may impede our ability to secure design wins, successfully enter into definitive agreements or other commercial arrangements, or successfully commercialize our products at scale, which may prevent us from achieving our projected market share. In particular, our competitors have in the past offered, and may in the future offer, their products and services on terms that we and/or our Tier 1 partners are unwilling to match, or our competitors could introduce new products with competitive price and performance characteristics, which may adversely affect our market share.

The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapid technological change, which requires us to continue to develop new products and product innovations, and could adversely affect market adoption of our products.

While we intend to invest substantial resources to remain on the forefront of technological development, continuing technological changes in sensing technology and lidar, and the markets for these products, including the ADAS and autonomous driving space, could adversely affect adoption of lidar and/or our products, either generally or for particular applications. Our future success will depend upon our ability to develop and introduce a variety of new capabilities and innovations to our existing product offerings, as well as introduce a variety of new product offerings, to address the changing needs of the markets in which we offer our products. We cannot guarantee that such new products will be released in a timely manner, or at all, or achieve market acceptance. Delays in delivering new products that meet customer requirements could damage our relationships with customers and lead them to seek alternative sources of supply. In addition, to date, we have focused on the delivery of our solutions to R&D programs in which developers are investing substantial capital to develop new systems that incorporate our solutions. Our future success relies heavily on the outcome of the R&D efforts by these customers. As autonomous technology reaches the stage of large-scale commercialization, we will be

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required to develop and deliver solutions at price points that enable wider and ultimately mass-market adoption. Delays in introducing products and innovations, the failure to choose correctly among technical alternatives, or the failure to offer innovative products or configurations at competitive prices may cause existing and potential customers to purchase our competitors’ products or turn to alternative sensing technologies.

If we are unable to devote adequate resources to develop products or cannot otherwise successfully develop products or system configurations that meet customer requirements on a timely basis or that remain competitive with alternatives, our products could lose market share, our revenue will decline, we may experience operating losses, and our business and prospects will be adversely affected.

Developments in alternative technologies may adversely affect the demand for our technology.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as cameras and radar, may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results in ways we do not currently anticipate. Existing and future camera and radar technologies may emerge as customers’ preferred alternative to our solutions. Any failure by us to develop new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could materially delay our development and introduction of new and enhanced products in the autonomous vehicle industry, which could result in the loss of competitiveness of our lidar solutions, decreased revenue, and a loss of market share to competitors (or a failure to increase revenue and/or market share). Our R&D efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes in technology. As technologies change, we plan to upgrade or adapt our lidar solutions with the latest technology. However, our solutions may not compete effectively with alternative systems if we are not able to source and integrate the latest technology into our existing lidar solutions.

Because lidar is new in most of the markets we are seeking to enter, forecasts of market growth in this registration statement may not be accurate.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this registration statement are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The forecasts and estimates in this registration statement relating to the expected size and growth of the markets for lidar-based technology may prove to be inaccurate. Even if these markets experience the forecasted growth described in this registration statement, we may not grow our business at similar rates, or at all. Our future growth is subject to many factors, including market adoption of our products, which is subject to many risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, the forecasts and estimates of market size and growth described in this registration statement, including our estimates that the size of its total addressable market is expected to grow from approximately $3 billion currently to $42 billion by 2030, should not be taken as indicative of our future growth. In addition, these forecasts do not take into account the impact of the current global COVID-19 pandemic and other macroeconomic events, which may materially and adversely affect our forecasts.

We will likely need to raise additional capital in order to execute our business plan or respond to changing market conditions, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

In the future, we will likely require additional capital in order to respond to market timing delays, technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions, or unforeseen circumstances, and we may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. In order to further business relationships with current or potential customers or partners, we may issue equity or equity-linked securities to such current or potential customers or partners. We may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. If we raise additional capital through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities or if we issue equity or equity-linked securities to current or potential customers to further business relationships, our existing stockholders could experience dilution, which may be significant. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and

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operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital or to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

The Purchase Agreement contains contractual limitations that may not allow us to draw all of the $125 million committed under the Purchase Agreement and to the extent we do draw under the Purchase Agreement, existing stockholders will be diluted.

In December 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Tumim pursuant to which Tumim committed to purchase, subject to certain limitations, up to $125 million of our Common Stock should we elect to sell our Common Stock to them. Before the obligation to purchase any of our Common Stock arises, we must file and secure the effectiveness of this resale registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to any shares Tumim may purchase at our request. Should we be eligible to do so and decide to sell our Common Stock to Tumim, existing stockholders at such time will experience dilution of their interest in us, which dilution will be heightened if the price at which we sell Common Stock is low, as there is no minimum price at which we can sell our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement. Moreover, under the Purchase Agreement, with some exceptions, we can only sell to Tumim the lesser of: (i) a total of 30,865,419 shares of our Common Stock or (ii) a number of shares where Tumim would own no more than 9.99% of our outstanding shares, which at April 29, 2022 was 15,699,453 shares. At values below $4.05 per share, we would likely not be in a position to realize the full commitment of $125 million under the Purchase Agreement and existing stockholders would experience significant dilution. Therefore, the actual number of shares we will be able to sell to Tumim, the amount of dilution our stockholders will experience upon the sale of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, and the total proceeds that we will derive from such sales, cannot be determined at this time.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us.

In connection with our financial statements close process for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we identified a material weakness in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The material weakness identified resulted from a lack of a sufficient number of personnel within our accounting function who possessed an appropriate level of expertise to timely identify, select, and apply GAAP sufficiently to provide reasonable assurances that transactions were appropriately recorded. This resulted in AEye, Inc. not having adequate risk assessment and not having adequate design of internal control activities surrounding the financial close and CF Finance Acquisition Corp. III restating previously issued financial statements due to material errors in accounting for Company warrants that were outstanding prior to the Effective Time, which were assumed by CF III and converted into a warrant to purchase shares of the Common Stock.

A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our management is continuing to act on our remediation plan through the development and implementation of systems, processes, and controls over the financial close and reporting process, and has hired additional accounting and finance personnel with technical public company accounting and financial reporting experience. We have also engaged external consultants to assist us in designing, implementing, and monitoring an appropriate system of internal controls, including Information Technology General Controls. We will also continue to evaluate our IT systems and related processes to optimize automation to enhance our financial statement close process, reduce the number of manual journal entries, and facilitate review controls related to our significant classes of transactions. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until management

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designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective. Our management has and will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our remediation plans and will make changes our management determines to be appropriate.

If not remediated, this material weakness could result in material misstatements to our annual or interim financial statements that might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or in delayed filing of required periodic reports. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our Common Stock could be adversely affected, and we could become the subject of litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems, and resources.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls, internal control over financial reporting, and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we will file with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules of and on the forms required by the SEC, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers.

Our current controls, and any new controls that we develop, may be inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our internal controls may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could adversely affect our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal controls also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in the periodic reports we will file with the SEC under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and a lack of internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information.

In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs, and provide significant management oversight. Any failure to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could materially and adversely affect our ability to operate our business. If our internal controls are perceived as inadequate or that we are unable to produce timely or accurate financial statements, investors may lose confidence in our operating results and the price of our Common Stock could decline.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an emerging growth company. At such time,

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our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operating results.

A significant portion of our products are manufactured abroad, which subjects us to various international risks and costs, including foreign trade issues, currency exchange rate fluctuations, shipment delays, supply chain disruptions, and political instability, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Most of our products, or the components thereof, are manufactured abroad. Relying on foreign-produced products subjects us to risks relating to changes in import duties, quotas, the potential for introduction of U.S. taxes on imported goods, the potential loss of “most favored nation” status with the U.S., and freight cost increases, as well as economic and political uncertainties. We may also experience shipment delays caused by shipping port constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages, acts of war, including the current conflict in Ukraine, and terrorism, or other supply chain disruptions, including those caused by extreme weather, natural disasters, and pandemics or other public health concerns. Specifically, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused delays in the manufacturing and shipping of our products and the associated raw materials. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic results in continuation or worsening of manufacturing and shipping delays and constraints, our suppliers will continue to have challenges obtaining the materials necessary for the production of our products.

If any of these or other factors, including trade tensions between the U.S. and other nations, including China and Russia, were to cause a disruption of trade from other countries, our ability to source products, components, or raw materials could be adversely affected. We may need to seek alternative suppliers or vendors, which may not be available, or make changes to our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Also, the prices charged by foreign manufacturers for production or the acquisition of raw materials or components, may be affected by the fluctuation of their local currency against the U.S. dollar, which could cause the cost of our products to increase and negatively impact our business.

Changes in tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our future profitability.

Factors that could materially affect our future effective tax rates include, but are not limited, to:

Because we do not have a long history of operating at our present scale and we have significant expansion plans, our effective tax rate may fluctuate in the future. Future effective tax rates could be affected by operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded under GAAP, changes in the composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates, changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the U.S. Tax Code. In particular, sweeping changes were made to the U.S. taxation of foreign operations. Changes include, but are not limited to, a permanent reduction to the corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, assessing a repatriation tax or “toll-charge” on undistributed earnings and profits of U.S.-owned foreign corporations, and introducing certain anti-base erosion provisions, including a new minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income, or GILTI, and base erosion and anti-abuse tax, or BEAT. The new legislation had no effect on our 2021, 2020, and 2019

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provision for income taxes because we generated net tax losses and offset our deferred tax assets on the consolidated balance sheets with a full valuation allowance due to our current loss position and forecasted losses for the near future. The overall impact of this tax reform is uncertain, and our business and financial condition, including with respect to our non-U.S. operations, could be adversely affected.

In addition to the impact of the Tax Act on our federal taxes, the Tax Act may impact our taxation in other jurisdictions, including with respect to state income taxes. State legislatures have not had sufficient time to respond to the Tax Act. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to how the laws will apply in the various state jurisdictions. Additionally, other foreign governing bodies may enact changes to their tax laws in reaction to the Tax Act that could result in changes to our global tax position and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additionally, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and several foreign tax authorities have increasingly focused attention on intercompany transfer pricing with respect to sales of products and services and the use of intangibles. Tax authorities could disagree with our future intercompany charges, cross-jurisdictional transfer pricing, or other matters and assess additional taxes. If we do not prevail in any such disagreements, our profitability may be affected.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $156.6 million of U.S. federal, and approximately $104.6 million of state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. Of the approximately $156.6 million in U.S. federal operating loss carryforwards, approximately $114.5 million will be carried forward indefinitely for U.S. federal tax purposes and approximately $0.1 million will begin to expire in 2033. All of our U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards will expire between 2029 and 2041. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use these net operating loss carryforwards before their expiration, or at all. Under legislative changes made in December 2017, U.S. federal net operating losses incurred in 2018 and in future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such net operating losses is limited. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the newly enacted federal tax law. In addition, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the U.S. Tax Code, respectively, and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the U.S. Tax Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset our post-change income or tax may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent shareholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. As of April 28, 2022, we have not yet undertaken an analysis of whether the Merger we closed on August 16, 2021 constitutes an “ownership change” for purposes of Section 382 and Section 383 of the U.S. Tax Code. If such Merger is determined to constitute an “ownership change,” our profitability may be impacted.

We are highly dependent on the services of our executive officers, in particular Luis Dussan, one of our founders and Chief Technology Officer, and Blair LaCorte, our Chief Executive Officer.

We are highly dependent on our executive officers, in particular, one of our founders, Luis Dussan, our Chief Technology Officer and Blair LaCorte, our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Dussan created our artificial perception platform and remains deeply involved in our business, particularly in technology development. Mr. LaCorte has successfully led our growth and expansion strategy and his unparalleled leadership skills and industry insight are critical to us.

In addition, we are also dependent on the services of our other executive officers, including Robert Brown, our Chief Financial Officer, Andrew S. Hughes, our General Counsel, and Thomas R. Tewell, our Chief Operating Officer, as well as our other senior executives, such as Conor Tierney, our Chief Accounting Officer. The loss of any of our executive officers or other senior executives could adversely affect our business because the loss could make it more difficult to, among other things, compete with other market participants, continue to develop

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innovative product designs, and retain existing customers or cultivate new ones. Negative public perception of, or negative news related to any of our executive officers or senior executives may adversely affect our brand, relationship with customers, or standing in the industry.

Our business depends substantially on the efforts of our executive officers and highly skilled personnel, and our operations may be severely disrupted if we lost their services.

Competition for highly skilled personnel is often intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area, where we are headquartered, and we may incur significant costs to attract the highly skilled personnel we require. We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. We have, from time to time, experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications, especially those with engineering skills.

In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of our equity or our equity awards decline, it may adversely affect our ability to retain highly skilled employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or we fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fires, floods, and other natural catastrophic events, pandemics, and interruptions by manufactured problems, such as terrorism. Material disruptions of our business or information systems resulting from these events could adversely affect our operating results.

A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane, or significant power outage or other similar events, such as infectious disease outbreaks or pandemic events, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section, such as the demand for our products, our ability to achieve or maintain profitability, and our ability to raise additional capital in the future. Our corporate headquarters and major operations are located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, which has experienced, and could experience again, a high number of COVID-19 pandemic cases and is also a region known for significant seismic activity. In addition, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or war could cause disruptions in our operations, our or our customers’ or channel partners’ businesses, our suppliers’ businesses, or the economy as a whole. We also rely on information technology systems to communicate among our workforce and with third parties. Any disruption to our communications, whether caused by a natural disaster or by manufactured problems, such as power disruptions, could adversely affect our business. We do not have a formal disaster recovery plan or policy in place and do not currently require that our suppliers have such plans or policies in place. To the extent that any such disruptions result in delays or cancellations of orders or impede our suppliers’ ability to timely deliver components, or the deployment of our products, our business, operating results, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Interruption or failure of our information technology and communications systems could impact our ability to effectively provide services we may implement in the future.

We may, in the future, include in-vehicle services and functionality that utilize data connectivity to monitor performance and timely capture opportunities to enhance performance and functionality. The availability and effectiveness of our services depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems. Our systems will be vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, physical theft, fire, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, power loss, war, telecommunication failures, viruses, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse, or other attempts to harm our systems. We primarily utilize reputable third-party service providers and vendors for our data, including among other things, financial data, human resources data, manufacturing and production data, sales data, and electronic mail, other than for our source code and related materials that are managed internally. These third-party providers could also be vulnerable to issues similar to those that could damage our systems, including sabotage and

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intentional acts of vandalism causing potential disruptions. Some of our systems will not be fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. Any problems with our third-party cloud hosting providers could result in lengthy interruptions in our business. In addition, our future in-vehicle services and functionality, if developed and deployed, are expected to be highly technical and complex technology which may contain errors or vulnerabilities that could result in interruptions in our business or the failure of our systems.

We are subject to cybersecurity risks to operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, integrated software in our lidar solutions, and the data processed by those solutions, and any material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident, or breach of security could adversely affect our business by causing a disruption of our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential or other business-critical information, and/or damage our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our business financial condition, and operating results.

We are at risk for interruptions, outages, and breaches of our operational systems, including our business, financial, accounting, product development, and production processes, owned by us or our suppliers; our facility security systems, owned by us or our suppliers; our in-product technology owned by us or our suppliers; the integrated software in our lidar solutions; or the data that we process or our suppliers process on our behalf. A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems or those of our third-party vendors for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Such cyber incidents could materially disrupt operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of employees, suppliers, or others; jeopardize the security of our facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in our lidar solutions. A cyber incident could be caused by disasters, insiders (through inadvertence or with malicious intent), or malicious third parties (including nation-states or nation-state supported actors) using sophisticated, targeted methods to circumvent firewalls, encryption, and other security defenses, including hacking, fraud, trickery, phishing, or other forms of deception. The risks of a cybersecurity breach against companies based in the U.S., like us, may be enhanced as a byproduct of the on-going war in Ukraine. Despite careful security and controls design, our information technology systems and the systems used by our third-party vendors, may be subject to security breaches and cyberattacks the result of which could include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation, and damage to business relationships.

The techniques used by cyber attackers change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Although we maintain information technology measures designed to protect us against intellectual property theft, data breaches, and other cyber incidents, such measures will require continual updates and improvements, and we cannot guarantee that such measures will be adequate to detect, prevent, or mitigate cyber incidents. The implementation, maintenance, segregation, and improvement of these systems requires significant management time, support, and cost. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding, and updating current systems, including the disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain, and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory; procure parts or supplies; produce, sell, deliver, or service our solutions; adequately protect our intellectual property; or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations, and contracts. We cannot be sure that the systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained, or expanded as planned. If we do not successfully implement, maintain, or expand these systems as planned, our operations may be disrupted, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired, and deficiencies may arise in our internal control over financial reporting, which may impact our ability to certify our financial results. Moreover, our proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated, and our reputation

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may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those provided by third-party service providers. We have implemented processes, procedures, and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber-incident, do not guarantee that a cyber-incident will not occur and/or that our financial results, operations, or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident. Further, the remote working conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have heightened our vulnerability to a cybersecurity risk or incident.

A significant cyber incident could impact production capability, harm our reputation, cause us to breach our contracts with other parties, or subject us to regulatory actions and litigation, any of which could materially affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. In addition, our insurance coverage for cyber-attacks may not be sufficient to cover all the losses we may experience as a result of a cyber incident.

Legal and Regulatory Risks Related to Our Business

We are subject to governmental import and export control laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our products and solutions are subject to import and export laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, other regulations issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and various economic and trade sanctions administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. U.S. export control laws and regulations and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, and specified persons and entities. In addition, complying with export control and sanctions regulations for a particular sale may be time-consuming and result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Exports of our products and technology must be made in compliance with these laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export or import privileges, and fines, which may be imposed on us and the employees or officers responsible to prohibit such shipments and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of the employees or officers responsible.

Changes to trade policy, tariffs, and import/export regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Changes in global political, regulatory, and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development, and investment in the territories or countries where we currently purchase our components, sell our products, and conduct our business, could adversely affect our business. The U.S. has recently instituted or proposed changes in trade policies that include the negotiation or termination of trade agreements, the imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the U.S., economic sanctions on individuals, corporations, and countries, and other government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries where we conduct our business. A number of other nations have proposed or instituted similar measures directed at trade with the U.S. in response. As a result of these developments, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade that could adversely affect our business. For example, such changes could adversely affect the Automotive market, our ability to access key components or raw materials needed to manufacture our products (including rare-earth metals), our ability to sell our products or license our product designs and software to customers outside of the U.S., and the overall demand for our products. It may be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations to adapt to or comply with any such changes, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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We have and may become involved in legal and regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes, which could have an adverse effect on our profitability and consolidated financial position.

We have been and may be, from time to time, involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings, and commercial or contractual disputes that may be significant. These matters may include disputes with our suppliers and customers, intellectual property claims, stockholder litigation, government investigations, class action lawsuits, personal injury claims, environmental issues, customs and value-added tax disputes, and employment and tax issues.

We could face in the future, a variety of labor and employment claims against us, which could include, but is not limited to, general discrimination, wage and hour, privacy, ERISA, or disability claims. In such matters, government agencies or private parties may seek to recover from us very large, indeterminate amounts in penalties or monetary damages (including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages), or seek to limit our operations in some way.

Any of these types of lawsuits, whether initiated by us or a third party, could require significant management time and attention or could involve substantial legal liability, adverse regulatory outcomes, and/or substantial expenses to defend. Often these cases raise complex factual and legal issues and create risks and uncertainties. No assurances can be given that any proceedings or claims will not have a material adverse impact on our operating results and consolidated financial position or that our established reserves or our available insurance will mitigate this impact.

Unforeseen issues could result in damage to certain property which could result in adverse effects on our business and reputation.

Our lidar utilizes lasers for performing 3D sensing. While we have developed system components designed to prevent our lidar lasers from causing property damage (including to cameras), in the event an unforeseen issue arises that results in property damage, our reputation or brand may be damaged and we could face material legal claims for breach of contract, product liability, tort, or breach of warranty as a result. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of our merit, could be costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, our business liability insurance coverage could prove inadequate with respect to any claim and future coverage may be unavailable on acceptable terms, or at all.

We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations concerning the manufacturing, use, distribution, and sale of our products. Some of our customers also require that we comply with the customers’ own unique requirements relating to these matters.

We manufacture and sell products that contain electronic components, and such components may contain materials that are subject to government regulation in both the locations where we manufacture and assemble our products, as well as the locations where we sell our products. For example, certain regulations limit the use of lead in electronic components. Since we operate on a global basis, ensuring simultaneous compliance in multiple jurisdictions is a complex process which requires continual monitoring of regulations and an ongoing compliance process to ensure we and our suppliers are in compliance with existing regulations in each market where we operate. If new, unanticipated regulations significantly impact our use and sourcing of various components or require more expensive components, those regulations could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our products are used for autonomous driving and ADAS applications, which are subject to complicated regulatory schemes that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. These are rapidly evolving areas where new regulations could impose limitations on the use of lidar generally or our products specifically. If we fail to adhere to these new regulations or fail to continually monitor the updates, we may be subject to litigation, loss of customers, or negative publicity and our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.

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We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs upon us and cause delays in building our production facilities.

Concerns over environmental pollution and climate change have produced significant legislative and regulatory efforts on a global basis, and we believe this will continue both in scope and in the number of countries participating. In addition, as climate change issues become more prevalent, foreign, federal, state, and local governments and our customers have been responding to these issues. The increased focus on environmental sustainability may result in new regulations and customer requirements, or changes in current regulations and customer requirements, which could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we are unable to effectively manage real or perceived issues, including concerns about environmental impacts or similar matters, sentiments toward us or our products could be negatively impacted, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could suffer.

Our operations are and will be subject to international, federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, and such laws and regulations could directly increase the cost of energy, which may have an effect on the way we manufacture products or utilize energy to produce our products. In addition, any new environmental regulations or laws might increase the cost of raw materials or key components we use in our products. Environmental regulations require us to reduce product energy usage, monitor and exclude an expanding list of restricted substances, and participate in required recovery and recycling of our products. Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex, and we have limited experience complying with such laws and regulations. Capital and operating expenses needed to comply with environmental laws and regulations can be significant, and violations may result in substantial fines and penalties, damages, suspension of production, or a cessation of our operations.

Contamination at properties we currently operate at, where we formerly operated, or to which hazardous substances were sent by us, may subject us to liability pursuant to environmental laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which can impose liability for the full amount of remediation-related costs without regard to fault, for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water, for remediating contamination and impacts to human health, and for damages to natural resources. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations and any claims concerning noncompliance, or liability with respect to contamination in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results. We may face unexpected delays in obtaining the requisite permit and approvals in connection with our planned production facilities that could require significant time and financial resources and delay our ability to operate these facilities, which would adversely impact our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

We are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations, which can harm our business.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees, agents, contractors, and other collaborators from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our employees, agents, contractors, and other collaborators, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities. Any violations of the laws and regulations described above may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, imprisonment, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm, and other consequences.

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Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive and laser regulations or concerns that drive further regulation of the automotive and laser markets.

Government product safety regulations are an important factor for our business. Historically, these regulations imposed ever-more stringent safety regulations for automobiles and laser products. These safety regulations often require, or customers demand, automobiles have more safety features per vehicle and incorporate more advanced safety products.

While we believe increasing automotive and laser safety standards will present a market opportunity for our products, governmental safety regulations are subject to change based on a number of factors that are not within our control, including new scientific or technological data, adverse publicity regarding industry recalls and safety risks of autonomous driving and ADAS products, accidents involving our products, domestic and foreign political developments or considerations, and litigation relating to our products and our competitors’ products. Changes in government regulations, especially in the autonomous driving and ADAS industries could adversely affect our business. If government priorities shift and we are unable to adapt to changing regulations, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

Federal, state, and local regulators impose more stringent compliance and reporting requirements in response to product recalls and safety issues in the automotive industry. As the cars that utilize our sensors go into production, we will be subject to the existing stringent requirements of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 (the “Vehicle Safety Act”) including a duty to report, subject to strict timing requirements, safety defects with our products. The Vehicle Safety Act imposes potentially significant civil penalties for violations, including the failure to comply with such reporting actions. We are also subject to the existing U.S. Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation Act (“TREAD”), which requires equipment manufacturers, such as us, to comply with “early warning” requirements by reporting certain information to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”), such as information related to defects or reports of injury related to our products. TREAD imposes criminal liability for violating such requirements if a defect subsequently causes death or bodily injury. In addition, the Vehicle Safety Act authorizes the NHTSA to require a manufacturer to recall and repair vehicles that contain safety defects or fail to comply with U.S. federal motor vehicle safety standards. Sales into foreign countries may be subject to similar regulations. If we cannot rapidly address any safety concerns or defects with our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The adoption of autonomous and ADAS features by automotive OEMs may be delayed and our business impacted, as additional emissions and safety requirements are imposed on vehicle manufacturers.

Vehicle regulators globally continue to consider new and enhanced emissions requirements, including electrification, to meet environmental and economic needs as well as pursue new safety standards to address emerging traffic risks. To control new vehicle prices, among other concerns, automotive OEMs may need to dedicate technology and cost additions to new vehicle designs to meet these emissions and safety requirements and postpone the additional costs associated with new autonomous and ADAS features.

Our business may be adversely affected if we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or other requirements imposed by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”).

As a lidar technology company, we are subject to the Electronic Product Radiation Control Provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These requirements are enforced by the FDA. Electronic product radiation includes laser technology. Regulations governing these products are intended to protect the public from hazardous and unnecessary exposure. Manufacturers are required to certify by way of product labeling and reports to the FDA that their products comply with applicable performance standards as well as maintain manufacturing, testing, and distribution records for their products. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, which could require us to cease distribution of our products, recall or remediate products already distributed to customers, or subject us to FDA enforcement actions.

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Failures, or perceived failures, to comply with privacy, data protection, and information security requirements in the variety of jurisdictions in which we operate, may adversely impact our business, and such legal requirements are evolving, uncertain, and may require improvements in, or changes to, our policies and operations.

Our current and potential future operations and sales subject us to existing and future laws and regulations addressing privacy and the collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer, and protection of various types of data. For example, the European Commission has adopted the GDPR and California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, both of which provide for potentially material penalties for non-compliance. These statutory regimes may, among other things, impose data security requirements, disclosure requirements, and restrictions on data collection, uses, and sharing that may impact our operations and the development of our business. While, generally, we do not have access to, collect, store, process, or share information collected by our solutions, unless our customers choose to proactively provide such information to us, our products may evolve both to address potential customer requirements or to add new features and functionality. Therefore, the full impact of these privacy regimes on our business is rapidly evolving across jurisdictions and remains uncertain at this time.

We may also be affected by cyber-attacks and other means of gaining unauthorized access to our products, systems, and data. For instance, cyber criminals or insiders may target us or third parties with which we have a business relationship in order to obtain data, or in a manner that disrupts our operations or compromises our products, or the systems into which our products are integrated.

We are assessing the continually evolving privacy and data security regimes and measures we believe are appropriate in response. Since these privacy and data security regimes are evolving, uncertain, and complex, especially for a global business like ours, we may need to update or enhance our compliance measures as our products, markets, and customer demands further develop, and these updates or enhancements may require implementation costs, which may be material. In addition, we may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner. The compliance measures we adopt may prove ineffective. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with current and future regulatory or customer-driven privacy, data protection, and information security requirements, or to prevent or mitigate security breaches, cyber-attacks, or improper access to, use of, or disclosure of data, or any security issues or cyber-attacks affecting us, could result in significant liability, costs (including the costs of mitigation and recovery), and a material loss of revenue resulting from the adverse impact on our reputation and brand, loss of proprietary information and data, disruption to our business and relationships, and diminished ability to retain or attract customers and business partners. Such events may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, and could cause our customers and business partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.

Regulations related to conflict minerals may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the costs of certain metals used in the manufacturing of our products.

We are subject to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, which requires us to determine, disclose, and report whether our products contain metals sourced from specified geographies; these metals are generally referred to as “conflict minerals.” The implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we will incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of conflict minerals that may be used in or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. It is also possible that our reputation may be adversely affected if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict-free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes, or sources of supply to avoid use of such materials.

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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Despite the actions we take to defend and protect our intellectual property, we may not be able to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or prevent unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our solutions. Our efforts to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights and prevent third parties from violating our rights may be costly.

The success of our products and our business depends in large part on our ability to obtain patents and other intellectual property rights and maintain adequate legal protection for our products in the United States and other foreign jurisdictions. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and other contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which can only provide limited protection.

We cannot guarantee that any patents will be issued with respect to our currently pending patent applications or that any trademarks will be registered with respect to our currently pending applications in a manner that gives us adequate defensive protection or competitive advantages, if at all, or that any patents issued to us or any trademarks registered by us will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. We have filed for patents and trademarks in the United States and in certain foreign jurisdictions, but such protections may not be available in all countries in which we operate or in which we seek to enforce our intellectual property rights, or may be difficult to enforce in practice. Our currently issued patents and trademarks, and any patents and trademarks that may be issued or registered, as applicable, in the future with respect to pending or future applications, may not provide sufficiently broad protection or may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology or the reverse engineering of our technology. Moreover, others may independently develop technologies that are competitive to us or infringe our intellectual property.

Protecting against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property, products, and other proprietary rights is expensive and can be difficult, particularly outside of the United States. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer our lidar technology or certain aspects of our solutions that we consider proprietary. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to prevent unauthorized parties from copying or reverse engineering our solutions, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to block the importation of infringing products into the United States.

Any such litigation, whether initiated by us or a third party, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. Even if we obtain favorable outcomes in litigation, we may not be able to enforce the remedies, especially in the context of unauthorized parties copying or reverse engineering our solutions.

Further, many of our current and potential competitors may have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to defending intellectual property infringement claims and to enforcing their intellectual property rights than we can. Attempts to enforce our rights against third parties could also provoke these third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us or result in a decision that invalidates or narrows the scope of our rights, in whole or in part. Effective patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products are available, and competitors based in other countries may sell infringing products in one or more markets. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue, which would adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects.

Third-party claims that we are infringing intellectual property, whether successful or not, could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation or expensive licenses, and our business could be adversely affected.

Although we believe we hold key patents related to our products, a number of companies, both within and outside of the lidar industry, hold other patents covering various aspects of lidar products. In addition to these

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patents, participants in this industry typically also protect their technology, especially embedded software, through copyrights and trade secrets. As a result, there is frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of intellectual property rights. We have received, and in the future may receive, inquiries from other intellectual property holders and may become subject to claims that we infringe their intellectual property rights, particularly as we expand our presence in the market, expand to new use cases, and face increasing competition. In addition, parties may claim that the names and branding of our products infringe their trademark rights in certain countries or territories. If such a claim were to prevail, we may have to change the names and branding of our products in the affected territories, and we could incur other costs.

We currently have a number of agreements in effect pursuant to which we have agreed to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless our customers, suppliers, and channel partners and other partners from damages and costs which may arise from the infringement of our products by third-party patents or other intellectual property rights. The scope of these indemnity obligations varies, but may, in some instances, include indemnification for damages and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. Our insurance may not cover all intellectual property infringement claims. A claim that our products infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, even if untrue, could adversely affect our relationships with our customers, may deter future customers from purchasing our products, and could expose us to costly litigation and settlement expenses. Even if we are not a party to any litigation between a customer and a third party relating to the infringement of our products, an adverse outcome in any such litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend our products against intellectual property infringement claims in any subsequent litigation in which we are a named party. Any of these results could adversely affect our brand and operating results.

Our defense of intellectual property rights claims brought against us or our customers, suppliers, or channel partners, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to litigate or settle, divert management resources and attention, and force us to acquire intellectual property rights and licenses, which may involve substantial royalty or other payments and may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Further, a party making such a claim, if successful, could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages or obtain an injunction prohibiting us from continuing to sell certain products. An adverse determination also could invalidate our intellectual property rights and could adversely affect our ability to offer our products to our customers and may require that we procure or develop substitute products that do not infringe, which could require significant effort and expense. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and prospects.

Our intellectual property applications for registration may not issue or be registered, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to prevent others from commercially exploiting products similar to ours.

We cannot be certain that we are the first inventor of the subject matter to which we have filed a particular patent application, or if we are the first party to file such a patent application. If another party has filed a patent application regarding the same subject matter as we have, we may not be entitled to the protection sought by the patent application. We also cannot be certain whether the claims included in a patent application will ultimately be allowed in the applicable issued patent. Further, the scope of protection of issued patent claims is often difficult to determine. As a result, we cannot be certain that the patent applications that we file will ultimately issue, or that our issued patents will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. In addition, our competitors may design around our issued patents, which may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes, and know-how.

We rely on trade secrets, designs, manufacturing know-how, and confidential information to protect intellectual property that may not be patentable or subject to copyright, trademark, trade dress, or service mark protection, or that we believe is best protected by means that do not require public disclosure. We generally seek to protect this

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information by entering into confidentiality agreements, or consulting services or employment agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-use provisions with our employees, consultants, contractors, commercial partners, vendors, and other third parties. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to provide adequate protection, prevent disclosure, third-party infringement, or misappropriation of our trade secrets, may be limited as to their term, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. We have limited control over the protection of trade secrets used by our current or future manufacturing partners and suppliers and could lose future trade secret protection if any unauthorized disclosure of such information occurs. In addition, our proprietary information may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors or other third parties. To the extent that our employees, consultants, contractors, advisors, and other third parties use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us or designated in the agreements between such parties and us to be jointly owned, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain protection for our proprietary information could adversely affect our competitive business position. Furthermore, laws regarding trade secret rights in certain markets where we operate may afford little or no protection to our trade secrets.

We also rely on physical and electronic security measures to protect our proprietary information, but we cannot provide assurance that these security measures will not be breached or will provide adequate protection for our property. There is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary information to our competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to detect or prevent the unauthorized use of such information or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce our intellectual property rights.

We employ third-party licensed software for use in our business, and the inability to maintain these licenses, errors in the software, or the terms of open source licenses could result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which would adversely affect our business.

Our business relies on certain third-party software obtained under licenses from other companies. We anticipate that it will continue to rely on such third-party software in the future. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, these alternatives may not always be available, or it may be difficult or costly to switch to an alternative. In addition, integration of new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Many of the risks associated with the use of third-party software cannot be eliminated, and these risks could negatively affect our business.

Some of the third-party software used by us is licensed under the terms of open source software licenses. Companies that incorporate open source software into their technologies have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, we could be subject to lawsuits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute such software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code, which could include valuable proprietary code of the user, on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software and attempt to ensure that open source software is not used in a manner that would require us to disclose our internally developed source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur. Any requirement to disclose our internally developed source code or pay damages for breach of contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and could help our competitors develop services that are similar to or better than ours.

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We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we or our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of our employees’ former employers.

We may be subject to claims that we or our employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of an employee’s former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail to adequately defend such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize our products, which could severely harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The price of our Common Stock may be volatile.

The price of our Common Stock may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:

These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Common Stock regardless of our operating performance.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding our Common Stock, the price and trading volume of our Common Stock could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock can be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If no or few securities or industry analysts provide coverage of us, the trading price for our Common Stock would be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or the performance of our Common Stock, or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of analysts, the price of our Common Stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the price and trading volume of our Common Stock to decline.

The future sales of shares by existing stockholders may adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market, the market price of our Common Stock could decline.

We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management will devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

We expect to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company, and these expenses will likely increase more after we are no longer an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, by the SEC and Nasdaq. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, we expect these rules and regulations to substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. These increased costs will increase our net loss. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. We cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of additional costs we may incur to respond to these requirements. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board, our Board committees, or as executive officers.

Additionally, there continues to be public interest and increased legislative pressure related to environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, activities of public companies. For example, there is a growing number of states requiring organizations to report their board composition as well as mandating gender diversity and representation from underrepresented communities, including New York and California. We risk negative stockholder reaction, including from proxy advisory services, as well as damage to our brand and reputation, if we do not act responsibly in a number of key areas, including diversity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, support for local communities, corporate governance and transparency, and considering ESG and human capital factors in our operations.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Most of the members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Additionally, many members of our management team were recently hired, including our Chief Executive Officer, Blair LaCorte, who joined us in 2017 and became Chief Executive Officer in 2020; our

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Chief Financial Officer, Robert Brown, who joined us in November 2020; our General Counsel, Andrew Hughes, who joined us in March 2021; our Chief Operating Officer, Thomas R. Tewell, who joined us in March 2021; and our Chief Accounting Officer, Conor Tierney, who joined us in January 2022. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage their new roles and responsibilities. Our transition to being a public company subjects us to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our Amended Charter provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the sole and exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our Amended Charter requires, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against our directors, officers, and employees for breach of fiduciary duty, and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware except any action (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, or (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction. In regard to any action arising under the Exchange Act, our Amended Charter provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the sole and exclusive forum. In regard to any action arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, our Charter provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum.

Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all lawsuits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to lawsuits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our Amended Charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will be applicable to the Securities Act to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the exclusive forum provision and that this exclusive forum provision does not purport to waive compliance with any federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find such provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in another jurisdiction, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our Common Stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our Amended Charter. This choice of forum provision may limit the ability of one of our stockholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such stockholder might believe is more favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees, or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Amended Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in another jurisdiction, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, you may need to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on your investment.

Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, prevent attempts to replace or remove current management and reduce the market price of our Common Stock.

Provisions in our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws authorize our Board to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As a result, without further stockholder approval, our Board will have the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock, including pursuant to a stockholder rights plan. With these rights, preferred stockholders could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us. In addition, our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws provide for a staggered Board, whereby directors serve for three-year terms, with one-third of the directors coming up for reelection each year. A staggered Board will make it more difficult for a third-party to obtain control of our Board through a proxy contest, which may be a necessary step in an acquisition of us that is not favored by our Board.

We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under the DGCL. Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “merger” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third-party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change in control of us. For purposes of these provisions, an “interested stockholder” generally means someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in the DGCL.

We are an “emerging growth company” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Common Stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may follow reduced disclosure requirements and do not have to make all of the disclosures that public companies that are not emerging growth companies do. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (b) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the IPO; (c) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our Common Stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the prior June 30th. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:

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In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards; and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions for emerging growth companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our Common Stock less attractive if we rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Stock and our share price may be more volatile.

Risks Related to this Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales. We may not have access to the full amount available under the Purchase Agreement with Tumim.

On December 8, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Tumim, pursuant to which Tumim has committed to purchase up to $125.0 million in shares of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

The shares of our Common Stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to Tumim at our discretion from time to time over an approximately 36-month period commencing on the closing date of the Purchase Agreement, provided this registration statement covering the resale of shares of Common Stock that have been and may be issued under the Purchase Agreement is declared effective by the SEC, a final prospectus in connection therewith is filed, and the other conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement are satisfied. We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of our Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Tumim all or a portion of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, or decide to not sell to Tumim any shares of our Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to Tumim pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by Tumim for the shares of our Common Stock that we may elect to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock during such purchase, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus, the number of shares of our Common Stock that we will sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that Tumim will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by Tumim under the Purchase Agreement.

Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $125.0 million of our Common Stock to Tumim, only 30,865,419 shares of our Common Stock are being registered for resale by Tumim under the registration statement that includes this prospectus, consisting of the 302,634 Commitment Shares that we previously issued to Tumim upon execution of the Purchase Agreement as consideration for its commitment to purchase our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement and up to 30,562,785 Purchase Shares that we may elect to sell to Tumim, in our sole discretion, from time to time from and after the Commencement Date under the Purchase Agreement.

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If we elect to sell to Tumim all of the Purchase Shares being registered for resale under this prospectus that are available for sale by us to Tumim in purchases under the Purchase Agreement, depending on the market prices of our Common Stock during such purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the actual gross proceeds from the sale of all such shares may be substantially less than the $125.0 million (the “Total Commitment”) available to us under the Purchase Agreement, which could materially adversely affect our liquidity.

If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement more than 30,865,419 shares being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the total commitment of an aggregate of $125.0 million under the Purchase Agreement, we must file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by Tumim of any such additional shares of our Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective. We will need to obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of our Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with the Nasdaq listing rules, unless the average per share purchase price paid by Tumim for all shares of our Common Stock sold under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $4.90, in which case, under the Nasdaq listing rules, the Exchange Cap limitation will not apply to issuances and sales of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, in each case, before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. In addition, Tumim will not be required to purchase any shares of our Common Stock if such sale would result in Tumim’s beneficial ownership exceeding 9.99% of the then outstanding shares of our Common Stock.

Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of our Common Stock in addition to the 30,865,419 shares of our Common Stock being registered for resale by Tumim under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of our Common Stock ultimately offered for resale by Tumim is dependent upon the number of shares of our Common Stock we ultimately sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement.

Our inability to access a portion or the full amount available under the Purchase Agreement, in the absence of any other financing sources, could have a material adverse effect on our business. The extent to which we rely on Tumim as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors including the prevailing market price of our Common Stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources. If obtaining sufficient funding from Tumim were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive, we will need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs. Even if we were to receive all $125.0 million in gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement, we may still need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to Tumim. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, after Tumim has acquired such shares, Tumim may resell all or a portion of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from Tumim at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from Tumim as a result of future sales made by us to Tumim at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares.

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We may require additional financing to sustain our operations and without it we will not be able to continue operations.

Subject to the terms and conditions the Purchase Agreement, we may, at our discretion, direct Tumim to purchase up to an aggregate of up to $125.0 million of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement from time-to-time over an approximately 36-month period beginning on the closing date of the Purchase Agreement, provided that a registration statement covering the resale of shares of Common Stock that have been and may be issued under the Purchase Agreement is declared effective by the SEC, a final prospectus in connection therewith is filed, and the other conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement are satisfied. Although the Purchase Agreement provide that we may sell up to an aggregate of $125.0 million of our Common Stock to Tumim, only 30,562,785 shares of our Common Stock that we may elect to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement are being registered. The purchase price per share for the shares of our Common Stock that we may elect to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Common Stock during such purchase made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Accordingly, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold to Tumim, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by Tumim for those shares, the actual gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales, and whether or not we will need to register additional shares for resale by Tumim under the Purchase Agreement.

The extent to which we rely on Tumim as a source of funding will depend on a number of factors, including the prevailing market price of our Common Stock and the extent to which we are able to secure working capital from other sources. If obtaining sufficient funding from Tumim were to prove unavailable or prohibitively dilutive, we may need to secure another source of funding in order to satisfy our working capital needs. Even if we were to sell to Tumim all of the shares of our Common Stock available for sale to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, we will still need additional capital to fully implement our business plan. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences would be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Future sales and issuances of our Common Stock or other securities might result in significant dilution and could cause the price of our Common Stock to decline.

To raise capital, we may sell our Common Stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions other than those contemplated by the Purchase Agreement, at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by Tumim, and Tumim or investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our Common Stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into our Common Stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by Tumim. Any sales of additional shares will dilute our stockholders.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur could depress the market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Common Stock. In addition, the sale of substantial amounts of our Common Stock could adversely impact its price.

Management will have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from our sale of Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, and uses may not improve our financial condition or market value.

Because we have not designated the amount of net proceeds from our sale to Tumim of shares of our Common Stock to be used for any particular purpose, our management will have broad discretion as to the application of such net proceeds and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated hereby. Our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not improve our financial condition or advance our business objectives.

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THE TUMIM TRANSACTION

On December 8, 2021, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Tumim, pursuant to which Tumim has committed to purchase up to $125.0 million of our Common Stock, at our direction from time to time over the term of the Purchase Agreement, subject to certain terms, conditions and limitations in the Purchase Agreement. We also entered into the Registration Rights Agreement with Tumim, pursuant to which we agreed to file with the SEC the registration statement that includes this prospectus to register for resale under the Securities Act, the shares of our Common Stock that have been and may be issued to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement.

Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Tumim, and Tumim is obligated to purchase, up to $125.0 million of our Common Stock. Such sales of Common Stock by us, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time-to-time in our sole discretion, over the period commencing once certain customary conditions are satisfied, including the filing and securing effectiveness of this resale registration statement with the SEC with respect to the shares to be sold to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement,” and the date of the Commencement, the “Commencement Date”), and ending on the first day of the month following the 36-month anniversary of the closing date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Termination Date”).

Tumim has no right to require the Company to sell any shares of Common Stock to Tumim, but Tumim is obligated to make purchases as we direct, subject to certain conditions. Shares will be issued from us to Tumim at a 3.85% discount to the one-day forward volume-weighted average price from the date a purchase notice is issued, plus an additional fee of 2% payable to the placement agent (to a cumulative maximum of $2 million) with respect to the issuance and sale of the shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. There are no upper limits on the price per share that Tumim must pay for shares of the Common Stock. Actual sales of shares of Common Stock to Tumim will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time-to-time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Common Stock, and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for us and our operations.

We do not know what the purchase price for our Common Stock will be and therefore cannot be certain as to the number of shares we might issue to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to $125.0 million of our Common Stock to Tumim, only 30,865,419 shares of our Common Stock are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by Tumim under this prospectus, which represent the (i) 302,634 Commitment Shares that we issued to Tumim on December 8, 2021 as consideration of its irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement and (ii) up to 30,562,785 shares of Common stock that may be issued to Tumim from and after the Commencement Date, if and when we elect to sell shares which have been or may be issued to Tumim in the future under the Purchase Agreement.

If all of the 30,865,419 shares offered by Tumim for resale under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, such shares would represent approximately 16.44% of the total number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding as of April 29, 2022. The number of shares ultimately offered for resale by Tumim is dependent upon the number of shares we may elect to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement from and after the Commencement Date.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, we may not issue to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement more than 30,865,419 shares of its Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the shares of the Company’s Common Stock outstanding (the “Exchange Cap”) as of the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless (i) we obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of its Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, or (ii) the average purchase price per share paid by Tumim for all shares of the our Common Stock, if any, that we elect to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds the lower of (a) the Nasdaq official closing price for our Common Stock immediately preceding the execution of the Purchase Agreement, and (b) the arithmetic average of the five Nasdaq official closing prices for the Common Stock during the 5-trading day period

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immediately preceding the execution of the Purchase Agreement, as adjusted so that the Exchange Cap will not apply to issuances of Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement under applicable Nasdaq rules.

Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of our Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of our Common Stock then beneficially owned by Tumim and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 13d-3 promulgated thereunder), would result in Tumim beneficially owning more than 9.99% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock.

The net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to us will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of our stock to Tumim. We expect that any proceeds received by us from such sales to Tumim will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

As consideration for Tumim’s irrevocable commitment to purchase shares of our Common Stock upon the terms of and subject to satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, we issued 302,634 Commitment Shares to Tumim.

Purchase of Shares Under the Purchase Agreement

Upon the Commencement and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the approximately 36-month period commencing on the closing date of the Purchase Agreement, to direct Tumim to purchase amounts of our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, that we specify in purchase notices that we deliver to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement on any trading day. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased pursuant to a purchase is equal to a number of shares of our Common Stock equal to the lesser of (the “Purchase Maximum Amount”):

Tumim is obligated to accept each purchase notice prepared and timely delivered on or prior to 8:30 am, New York City time, on the trading day of the purchase notice for such purchase (a “Purchase Exercise Date”) by us in accordance with the terms of and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement; provided that, Tumim is not obligated to purchase any shares of our Common Stock set forth in a valid purchase notice in excess of the Purchase Maximum Amount. We may deliver a purchase notice on a Purchase Exercise Date, provided that (i) we may not deliver more than one purchase notices to Tumim on any single trading day and (ii) all shares subject to all prior purchase notices for purchases that have been properly delivered by the us to Tumim have been received by Tumim or its broker-dealer as DWAC Shares (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), prior to our delivery of such purchase notice to Tumim on such Purchase Exercise Date.

Conditions to Commencement and Delivery of Purchase Notices

Our ability to deliver purchase notices to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement arises upon the occurrence of satisfying of applicable conditions specified in the Purchase Agreement, all of which are entirely outside of Tumim’s control, including, among other things, the following:

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Our ability to deliver purchase notices to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions at time of each delivery of a purchase notice, all of which are entirely outside of Tumim’s control, including, among other things, the following:

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No Short-Selling or Hedging by Tumim

Tumim has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect short selling or hedging of our shares.

Prohibition on Variable Rate Transactions

From and after the date of the Purchase Agreement until the termination of the Purchase Agreement, subject to exceptions provided in the Purchase Agreement, we are prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof), as such terms are defined in the Purchase Agreement, involving a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the Purchase Agreement), which includes selling convertible equity or debt securities at a future determined price.

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Termination of the Purchase Agreement

Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after the Commencement Date, at no cost or penalty, upon one trading day’s prior written notice to Tumim. We and Tumim may also terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time by mutual written consent.

Tumim also has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon 1 trading days’ prior written notice to us, but only upon the occurrence of certain events, including:

No termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or by Tumim will become effective prior to the first trading day immediately following the applicable settlement date related to any pending purchase notice that has not been fully settled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, and will not affect any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement with respect to any pending purchase notice, and both we and Tumim have agreed to complete our respective obligations with respect to any such pending

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purchase notice under the Purchase Agreement. Furthermore, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will affect the Registration Rights Agreement, which will survive any termination of the Purchase Agreement.

Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on our Stockholders

All shares of our Common Stock that have been or may be issued or sold by us to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by Tumim in this offering are expected to be freely tradable. The shares of our Common Stock being registered for resale in this offering (excluding the 302,634 Commitment Shares we already issued to Tumim) may be issued and sold by us to Tumim from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to approximately 36 months commencing on the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement, provided that the conditions precedent to Commencement have occurred. The resale by Tumim of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our Common Stock, if any, to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Tumim all, some or none of the shares of our Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to Tumim pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If and when we do sell shares to Tumim, after Tumim has acquired the shares, Tumim may resell all, some or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Tumim by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our Common Stock. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Tumim may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any additional sales of our shares to Tumim and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without any cost to us.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct Tumim to purchase up to $125.0 million of our Common Stock, subject to certain limitations. We have registered only a portion of the shares that may be issuable under the Purchase Agreement and, therefore, we may seek to issue and sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement more shares of our Common Stock than are offered under this prospectus in order to receive the aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $125.0 million total commitment available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If we choose to do so, we must first register for resale under the Securities Act any such additional shares, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares ultimately offered for resale under this prospectus is dependent upon the number of shares we direct Tumim to purchase under the Purchase Agreement.

The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from Tumim from our sale of Common Stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:

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USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of our Common Stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by Tumim. All of the Common Stock offered by Tumim pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by Tumim for its own account. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales. We may receive up to $125.0 million aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from any sales we make to Tumim pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of our Common Stock to Tumim pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will be up to $124,865,379.14 over an approximately 36-month period commencing on the Commencement Date, provided that the conditions precedent to the Commencement have occurred, and assuming that we sell the full amount of our Common Stock that we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, and after estimated fees and expenses. See “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

We expect to use any proceeds that we receive under the Purchase Agreement for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses, and the respective amounts we may allocate to those uses, for any net proceeds we receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of the business, and therefore, do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board after considering our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs, contractual restrictions, covenants in the agreements governing current and future indebtedness, industry trends, the provisions of Delaware law affecting the payment of dividends and distributions to stockholders and any other factors or considerations the Board deems relevant.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information of AEye included elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth in the section of the prospectus captioned “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a provider of high-performance, active lidar systems technology for vehicle autonomy, ADAS, and robotic vision applications. With a sophisticated workforce of leaders and researchers, AEye has developed an artificial intelligence technology that enables adaptive “intelligent sensing,” differentiating AEye in the marketplace from its competition. Our proprietary software-definable 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform combines solid-state active lidar, an optionally fused low-light HD camera, and integrated deterministic artificial intelligence to capture more intelligent information with less data, enabling faster, more accurate, and more reliable perception of the surroundings.

AEye was founded in 2013 by Luis Dussan, AEye’s Chief Technology Officer, to create a deterministic AI-driven sensing system that performs better than the human eye and visual cortex. Mr. Dussan’s experience developing mission-critical targeting systems for fighter jets and ground troops on behalf of the U.S. military provided him with the background to develop a differentiated approach to visual sensing. While traditional sensing systems passively collect data, our active 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform leverages principles from automated targeting systems and biomimicry to scan the environment, while intelligently focusing on what matters in order to enable safer, smarter, and faster decisions in complex scenarios. From its inception, AEye’s culture drew from esteemed scientists and electro-optics engineers from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, to create the highest performing sensing and perception system for the most challenging situations, ensuring the highest levels of safety for autonomous driving.

As a result, our adaptive lidar is designed to enable higher levels of autonomy and functionality — SAE Levels 2 through 5 — with the goal of optimizing performance, power, and reducing cost. Our 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform is software-definable and network-optimized, and leverages deterministic artificial intelligence at the edge. We have made substantial investments in our R&D processes and deliver value to our customers through a combination of sales and direct channels. We perform the majority of our R&D activities in our 56,549 square foot corporate headquarters in Dublin, California. Our modular design facilitates product hardware updates as technologies evolve, and its small size and modest heat dissipation enable very flexible placement options on the interior or exterior of a vehicle. 4Sight also leverages a common architecture to create application-specific products across the Automotive, Mobility and Industrial markets.

Our systems-based approach encourages partnership from the well-established automotive supply chain, including OEMs, as well as Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. There is strong alignment between us and our partners given what is required to produce high-performance automotive grade products at scale, including quality, reliability, and affordability. Our Tier 1 partners will add value with OEM customers through industrialization, manufacturing, integration, sales, marketing, product liability, and warranty. Our Tier 2 partners will provide automotive-grade sub-components, which are used not only in automotive lidar for ADAS use cases, but also for our products to be sold in the Industrial and Mobility markets. We expect the result will be a high-quality, high-performance product at a low cost, which we believe to be a key enabler in accelerating adoption of lidar across various markets in Automotive and beyond.

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In pursuing this strategy, we have partnered with leading Tier 1 automotive suppliers including Continental, Hella, Aisin, and ZKW Group GmbH (an affiliate of LG Electronics). One of our Tier 1 partners is currently in the process of bidding for long range lidar series production awards with OEMs that are expected to represent a substantial portion of our future revenues. The main markets for lidar, including Automotive, Industrial, and Mobility, are projected to see significant growth in both the near and long term. We believe this expected growth will allow AEye to achieve greater market share as well as pursue specialization opportunities like highway autonomous driving applications that benefit from our products. We expect that lidar will be a required sensing solution across many end markets, and we intend to be the leading solutions provider in these spaces.

All dollar amounts expressed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are in thousands of dollars, except for per share amounts and unless otherwise specified.

Merger and Public Company Costs

As a result of the Merger, which was closed on August 16, 2021, a subsidiary of CF Finance Acquisition Corp III, or CF III, Meliora Merger Sub, Inc., merged with and into AEye, Inc., then known as AEye Technologies, Inc., or AEye Technologies, with AEye Technologies continuing as the surviving entity as a wholly owned subsidiary of CF III, and CF III thereafter operating under the new name AEye, Inc., or AEye, or the combined entity.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, AEye Technologies was treated as the accounting acquirer, meaning CF III was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. This determination is primarily based on AEye Technologies’ stockholders comprising a relative majority of the voting power of the combined entity and having the ability to nominate the majority of the governing body of the combined entity. Additionally, AEye Technologies’ senior management comprise the senior management of the combined entity and AEye Technologies’ operations comprise the ongoing operations of the combined entity. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the financial statements of the combined entity will represent a continuation of the financial statements of AEye Technologies, and the Merger will be treated as the equivalent of AEye Technologies issuing stock for the net assets of CF III, accompanied by a recapitalization. The most significant change in AEye Technologies’ financial position and results of the business combination was an increase in cash of $256,811. Total non-recurring transaction costs incurred for this transaction were $52,661.

Upon the closing of the Merger, AEye began trading under the symbols “LIDR” and “LIDRW” on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq. We anticipate that we will continue to hire additional personnel and implement procedures and processes to address public company regulatory requirements and customary practices. We have incurred and expect to incur additional annual expenses as a public company for, among other things, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, director fees and additional internal and external accounting and legal and administrative resources, including increased audit and legal fees.

COVID-19 Impact

The extensive impact of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted and will likely continue to result in significant disruptions to the global economy, as well as businesses and capital markets around the world, despite the reports of declines in severity. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and affected AEye’s business operations, which has led to business and supply chain disruptions, as well as broad changes in its supply and demand. For example, AEye’s offices and R&D and manufacturing have been, and from time-to-time may continue to be, impacted due to national and regional government declarations requiring closures, quarantines and travel restrictions.

To mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, AEye took several steps during 2020 to ensure its viability. We significantly reduced internal discretionary costs, reduced senior leadership salaries, furloughed and laid off a

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portion of the employees, and obtained a loan and rent deferral for a period of six months in 2020. We also applied for and were granted a Paycheck Protection Program, or PPP, loan of $2.3 million with Silicon Valley Bank, or SVB, as part of the U.S. Small Business Administration program. This loan enabled us to bring back a portion of the furloughed employees.

The continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AEye’s operational and financial performance will depend on various future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and impact on its customers, suppliers, and employees, all of which is uncertain at this time. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic may adversely impact our future revenue and results of operations but we are unable to predict at this time the size and duration of this adverse impact. At the same time, we have seen some signs of positive effects for our long-term business prospects and partnerships as a result of the pandemic. We believe automakers perceive the incorporation of lidar solutions in new models as a long-term strategic initiative that will be necessary for future growth and are therefore beyond the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, although the timing of the incorporation may be impacted by the pandemic.

Key Factors Affecting AEye’s Operating Results

AEye believes that its future performance and success depends to a substantial extent on its ability to capitalize on the following opportunities, which in turn is subject to significant risks and challenges, including those discussed below and the risk factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of this registration statement.

We are subject to those risks common in the technology industry and also those risks common to early stage companies including, but not limited to, the possibility of not being able to successfully develop or commercialize its products; attract new customers and retain existing customers; develop and protect intellectual property; comply with existing and new or modified laws and regulations applicable to its business; maintain and enhance the value of its reputation and brand; hire, integrate, and retain talented people at all levels of its organization;, and successfully develop new solutions to enhance the experience of customers.

AEye anticipates growing demand for its 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform across three major markets, the Automotive, Industrial and Mobility markets. AEye anticipates the total addressable market for lidar-based perception technology to grow to $42 billion by 2030. Within those markets, AEye is targeting attractive segments including advanced driver-assistance systems, or ADAS, autonomous driving, commercial trucking, robo-taxis, and various Industrial and Mobility market segments such as mining, aviation, shuttles, railway, and intelligent transportation systems, or ITS. This provides AEye with multiple opportunities for sustained growth by enabling new applications and product features across these market segments. However, as our customers continue R&D projects to commercialize solutions that rely on lidar technology, it is difficult to estimate the timing of ultimate end market and customer adoption. In the Automotive market for example, which accounted for 76% and 79% of revenue in 2021 and 2020, respectively, AEye’s growth and financial performance will be heavily influenced by its ability to successfully integrate into OEM programs that require years of development, testing, and validation. Because of the size and complexity of these OEM programs, AEye sees its existing Tier 1 partnerships as a substantial competitive advantage given their large scale, mass-production capabilities, and existing OEM customer relationships. AEye’s primary focus in Automotive is on ADAS for passenger and commercial vehicle autonomy, particularly highway autonomy applications. We believe that growth in that market is driven by both more stringent safety regulations and consumer demand for vehicles offering increased safety. AEye will need to anticipate and adapt to any changes in the regulatory environment, as well as changes in consumer demand in order to take advantage of this opportunity.

Additionally, AEye is increasing its investments in international operations and partnerships that will position the company to expand its business globally and meet growing demand in the international markets. This is an important part of AEye’s core strategy and may expose AEye to additional factors such as foreign currency risk, additional operating costs, and other risks and challenges that may impact the ability to meet projected sales and margins.

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Partnerships and Commercialization

AEye’s technology is designed to be a key enabler of autonomous solutions for Automotive, Industrial, and Mobility market applications. Because our technology must be integrated into a broader solution by our customers, it is critical that AEye achieves design wins with these customers. Achieving these design wins varies based on the market and application. Achieving a design win with an OEM within the Automotive market may take considerably longer than a design win with customers in the Industrial or Mobility markets. AEye considers design wins to be critical to its future success, although the revenue generated by each design win and the time necessary to achieve such a win can vary significantly, making it difficult to predict AEye’s financial performance.

AEye’s revenue and profitability will be dependent upon our success in licensing our technology to Tier 1 automotive suppliers, such as Continental, which represented 55% of 2021 revenue, that intend to use our technology in volume production of lidar sensors for OEMs. Delays of autonomy programs from OEMs that AEye is currently or will be working with through our Tier 1 partners could result in AEye being unable to achieve its revenue targets and profitability in the time frame we anticipate. Our revenue and profitability will be further dependent upon both our success in selling our lidar solutions to customers in the Industrial and Mobility markets.

Gross Margin Improvement

Our gross margins will depend on numerous factors, including among others the selling price of our products, pricing of our development contracts with customers, royalty rates on licenses we grant to our customers, unit volumes, product mix, component costs, personnel costs, contract manufacturing costs, overhead costs, and product features. In the future, we expect to generate attractive gross margins from licensing our lidar technology and software to our Tier 1 partners in Automotive, and we expect those licenses will begin generating revenue for AEye in 2024. We also sell our own lidar solutions to customers in the Industrial and Mobility markets utilizing low-cost components that are sourced from the Tier 2 automotive supply chain and assembled by our contract manufacturing partners. If our Tier 1 partners in Automotive do not achieve the volumes that we expect, then the cost of the components we use to address the Industrial and Mobility markets may be higher than we currently anticipate and may impact our gross margins and our ability to achieve profitability.

To date, our revenue has been generated through development and/or collaboration arrangements with OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to the OEMs, as well as unit sales of our products. The development contracts primarily focus on customization of our proprietary 4Sight capabilities to the customers’ applications, typically involving software implementation to assist with sensor connection and control, customization of scan patterns, and enhancement of particular perception capabilities to meet specific customer needs. In general, development and/or collaboration arrangements that require more complex configurations have higher prices. We expect development contracts to represent a smaller share of our total revenue over time, as we increase our focus on technology licensing and product sales. We expect our gross margins from the sale of products to improve over time as we outsource volume production of our lidar sensors to contract manufacturers, which will both increase unit volumes and reduce the cost per unit. In September 2021, we commenced our transition process to contract manufacturers which we expect to be complete in mid-2022.

Investment and Innovation

Our proprietary adaptive, intelligent lidar technology delivers industry-leading performance that helps to solve the most difficult challenges in delivering partial or full autonomy. While traditional sensing systems passively collect data, AEye’s active 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform leverages principles from automated targeting systems and biomimicry to scan its environment, while intelligently focusing on what matters in order to enable safer, smarter, and faster decisions in complex scenarios.

We believe our financial performance is significantly dependent on our ability to maintain a technology leadership position. This is further dependent on the investments we make in R&D. It is essential that we

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continually identify and respond to rapidly evolving customer requirements, develop and introduce innovative new products, enhance and service existing products, and generate strong market demand for our products. If we fail to do this, our leading market position and revenue may be adversely affected, and our investments in that area will not be recovered.

Basis of Presentation

AEye currently conducts its business through one operating segment.

Components of Results of Operations

Total Revenues

We categorize our revenue as (1) prototype sales and (2) development contracts. In 2021 and 2020, our prototype revenue primarily related to unit sales of the company’s 4Sight M product. Revenue from prototype sales is typically recognized at a point in time when the control of goods is transferred to the customer, generally upon delivery or shipment to the customer.

Development contracts represented the majority of our total revenues in 2021 and 2020. Revenue from development and/or collaboration arrangement contracts are earned from R&D activities and collaboration with OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to the OEMs. These contracts primarily focus on customization of our proprietary 4Sight capabilities to the customers’ applications, typically involving software implementation to assist with sensor connection and control, customization of scan patterns, and enhancement of perception capabilities to meet specific customer needs. Revenue from development and/or collaboration arrangement contracts is recognized when we satisfy performance obligations in the contract, which can result in recognition at either a point in time or over time. This assessment is made at the outset of the arrangement for each performance obligation.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes the costs directly associated with the production of prototypes and certain costs associated with development arrangements. Such costs for prototypes are direct materials, direct labor, indirect labor, warranty expense, and allocation of overhead. Costs associated with development arrangements include the direct costs and allocation of overhead costs involved in the execution of the contract.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Our R&D efforts are focused primarily on hardware, software, and system engineering related to the design and development of our advanced lidar solutions. R&D expenses include:

R&D costs are expensed as they are incurred. Our investment in R&D will continue to grow because we believe that investment is essential to maintain our position as a provider of one of the most advanced lidar solutions available.

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Sales and Marketing

Our S&M efforts are focused primarily on sales, business development, and marketing programs in pursuit of revenue contracts from potential and existing customers. S&M expenses include:

We expect our S&M expenses to grow over time as we continue to expand our sales and marketing efforts to support the anticipated growth of our business.

General and Administrative

Our G&A spending supports all business functions. G&A expenses include:

We expect our G&A expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we increase our headcount to support the growth of our business, and as a result of operating as a public company, including additional costs and expenses associated with compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, legal, audit, insurance, investor relations, and other administrative and professional services.

Change in Fair Value of Embedded Derivative and Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of embedded derivative and warrant liabilities is the result of the change in fair value at each reporting date. The carrying amounts of the embedded derivative and warrant liabilities are recorded at fair value at issuance, marked-to-market as of each balance sheet date, and changes in fair value are reported as other income (expense) during the period. Upon the closing of the Merger, the embedded derivative was settled, the pre-combination common stock warrants and Series A preferred stock warrants were net settled and converted to Class A common stock and private placement warrants were acquired. See additional discussion of derivatives in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

Interest Income, Interest Expense and Other

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. These amounts will vary based on our cash and cash equivalents balances and market rates. Interest expense consisted primarily of interest on our borrowings and convertible notes and amortization of debt issuance costs and discount.

Upon the closing of the Merger, the borrowings were repaid with any remaining debt issuance costs and discounts expensed. The pre-combination convertible notes and accrued interest were settled and converted to Class A common stock. See additional discussion in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this registration statement. The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except for percentages):

Revenue

Prototype Sales

Prototype sales increased by $639, or 175%, to $1,004 for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $365 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to an increase in 4Sight M unit sales.

Development Contracts

Development contracts increased by $789, or 65%, to $2,003 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $1,214 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to revenue recognized in the current year from a large Tier 1 Automotive Supplier contract.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased by $2,829, or 350%, to $3,637 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $808 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to the increase in prototype sales, the cost of revenue associated with the Tier 1 Automotive Supplier contract, and additional inventory reserves in the current period.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased by $9,413, or 55%, to $26,543 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $17,130 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily driven by increases in contract development of $2,359, consumption of parts from inventory of $1,120, stock-based compensation expense of $1,473, personnel costs of $3,276, and information technology expense of $619.

Sales and Marketing

Total sales and marketing expenses increased by $7,140, or 210%, to $10,548 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $3,408 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to increases in marketing program spend of $1,830, stock-based compensation expense of $1,132, and personnel costs of $3,284.

General and Administrative

Total general and administrative expenses increased by $18,799, or 280%, to $25,514 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $6,715 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to an increase in administrative expense, including professional accounting and legal fees of $5,062, directors’ and officers’ insurance premium of $1,893, information technology expense of $609, stock-based compensation expense of $5,461, and personnel costs of $6,243.

Change in Fair Value of Embedded Derivative and Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of embedded derivative (See Note 3) and warrant liabilities decreased by $1,187, or 84%, to $223 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $1,410 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to the embedded derivative value decreasing by $1,503 for the year ended December 31, 2020 versus $17 for the year ended December 31, 2021, offset by the acquisition of private placement warrants resulting from the Merger.

Gain on PPP Loan Forgiveness

Gain on PPP loan forgiveness increased by $2,297, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2021. In June 2021 the full principal and interest of the PPP loan was forgiven.

Interest Income and Other

Interest income and other increased by $538, or 2,339%, to $561 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $23 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to the interest earned on our marketable securities of $540.

Interest Expense and Other

Interest expense and other increased by $3,355, or 223%, to $4,857 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $1,502 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to $1,583 of costs associated with the Tumim Stone Common Stock Purchase Agreement, and increases related to the SVB financing facility loan of $430, interest on convertible notes of $341, amortization of discounts on marketable securities of $456, and an increase in the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $550.

Net Loss

Net loss increased by $38,460, or 145%, to $65,011 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $26,551 for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to an increase in operating expenses.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

AEye’s capital requirements will depend on many factors, including sales volume, the timing and extent of spending to support R&D efforts, investments in information technology systems, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, increased costs as we continue to hire additional personnel, and market adoption of new and enhanced products and features. As of December 31, 2021, our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaled $164,000.

To date, AEye’s principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds received from the issuance of equity. In December 2021 the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Tumim, whereby AEye will have the right, but not the obligation, to issue and sell to Tumim over a 36-month period up to $125,000 of the Common Stock once AEye files the registration statement covering the resale of registrable securities under the Purchase Agreement. As of the date of this prospectus, no shares were issued under the Purchase Agreement. Until AEye can generate sufficient revenue from the sale of its products to cover operating expenses, working capital, and capital expenditures, AEye expects the funds raised in the Merger, PIPE financing, as well as any future funds from the Purchase Agreement, to fund its near-term cash needs.

If we are required to raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, dilution of stockholders may result. Any debt securities issued may also have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of AEye common stock. The terms of debt securities or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on AEye’s operations. The credit market and financial services industry have in the past, and may in the future, experience periods of uncertainty that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing.

For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had a net loss of $65,011 and $26,551, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for at least the next several years. We expect that our research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expenses will continue to be significant and, as a result, we may need additional capital resources to fund our operations. We believe that the net proceeds from the Merger and CSPA with Tumim Stone, together with our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this registration statement. Our plans for the use of cash in the long-term (beyond twelve months from this registration statement) are similarly related to funding operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements as we continue to scale the business. For additional information regarding our cash requirements from lease obligations and contractual obligations, see Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this registration statement.

Cash Flow Summary

Operating Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities were $55,703. Factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were net loss of $65,011 and gain on PPP loan forgiveness of $2,297, offset by stock-based compensation of $10,018, and depreciation and amortization of $1,014. Within operating

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activities, the net changes in operating assets and liabilities were cash used of $4,064, primarily driven by increases in prepaids and other current assets of $3,655, accounts receivable of $4,066 and inventories of $2,633, partially offset by increases in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $5,496, and accounts payable of $557.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $19,689. Factors affecting our operating cash flows during this period were net loss of $26,551 and change in fair value of embedded derivative (See Note 3) and warrant liabilities of $1,410, offset by stock-based compensation of $1,952 and depreciation and amortization of $922. Within operating activities net changes in operating assets and liabilities was cash provided of $4,371, primarily driven by decreases in prepaids and other current assets of $3,811 and increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $1,377, partially offset by decreases in deferred rent of $496 and contract liabilities of $290.

Investing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $151,546. The primary factor affecting net cash used in investing activities during this period was the purchase of available-for-sale debt securities of $150,525.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $4,036, due to the purchase of property and equipment of $4,036 associated with the leasehold improvement incentive for the new headquarters.

Financing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $207,084. The primary factors affecting our financing cash flows during this period were the proceeds from the Merger and private offering of $256,811, partially offset by transaction costs related to the Merger of $52,372, proceeds from a bank loan of $10,000, offset by principal payments on bank loans of $13,333.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $32,018. The primary factors affecting our financing cash flows during this period were the proceeds from the issuance of AEye Convertible Equity Instruments of $29,990, proceeds from PPP loan of $2,270, offset by principal payments on bank loans of $667.

Capital Resources

In August 2019, we entered into a loan and security agreement with SVB (the “Loan Agreement”), which provided for a revolving credit line and growth capital term loans. The revolving credit line provided us with $3.0 million and accrued interest at a floating per annum rate equal to the greater of the prime rate or 5.5%. The revolving line of credit matured on August 16, 2020 and there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The growth capital term loan facility had an initial loan amount of $4.0 million, which was drawn in December 2019. The second tranche of $1.0 million was not drawn and has expired. Repayment for this term loan began on January 1, 2020. The term loan will be paid in equal monthly payments of principal, plus accrued interest. The interest rate on the term loan is the greater of the prime rate plus 0.75% or 5.5%. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the rate on the term loan was 5.5%. In April 2020, we entered into a deferral agreement that extended the dates for all monthly principal payments, which allowed us not to make any principal payments for any term loans until December 2020. The balance of $2.3 million for the term loan was repaid on September 7, 2021.

In April 2020, we received $2.3 million in aggregate proceeds from the PPP Loan. The PPP Loan had a two-year maturity, with payment of principal and interest deferred until July 22, 2021. In June 2021, we received notice of forgiveness of the PPP Loan.

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In 2020, we issued convertible equity instruments, referred to as convertible notes in our financial statements, for an aggregate principal amount of approximately $40.0 million. The convertible equity instruments bear an interest and dividend rate of 3% compounded annually with a maturity of date, extended in July 2021, of October 31, 2021. During 2020, we received $30.0 million in proceeds related to the convertible equity instruments. During 2021, we received proceeds of $8.0 million from the sale of additional convertible equity instruments. The convertible equity instruments converted by their terms at the Effective Time.

In April 2021, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“SVB Agreement”) with SVB Innovation Credit Fund VIII, L.P. (the “Lender”), which made available to us term loan advances of $10.0 million. The principal amount outstanding under the term loan advances accrues interest at 8% per annum, payable monthly in arrears. The balance of $10.5 million for the financing facility, including interest, was repaid on August 20, 2021.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $164,007, which consisted primarily of deposits in our bank accounts, money market funds, and marketable securities. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Our investment policy is focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity needs. We invest in highly rated securities, while limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer other than the U.S. government. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations due to the short-term nature of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Credit Risk

Our concentration of credit risk is determined by evaluating each customer and each vendor that accounts for more than 10% of our accounts receivable and accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was one customer accounting for 10% or more of our accounts receivable and two vendors each accounting for 10% or more of our accounts payable.

We perform credit evaluations as needed and generally do not require collateral for our customers. We analyze accounts receivable, historical percentages of uncollectible accounts, and changes in payment history when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses on customers’ accounts. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not have write-offs and did not record an allowance for doubtful accounts on the consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses have been generated primarily from fluctuations in the euro versus the US dollar, and the Japanese yen versus the US dollar. The functional currency of all our entities is the US dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities and transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency are remeasured into its functional currency using current exchange rates, whereas non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured using historical exchange rates. We recognize gains and losses

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from such remeasurements within interest income and other, or interest expense and other, as applicable on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the period of occurrence. We have in the past experienced, and in the future expect to experience, foreign currency exchange gains and losses on our non-functional currency-denominated balances. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. To date, we have not engaged in exchange rate hedging activities, and we do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future..

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are in accordance with GAAP. We are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods, fair value measures, and the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following accounting policies described in Note 1: “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 included elsewhere in this Registration Statement are critical because they involve a higher degree and judgment and uncertainty. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of our analysis form the basis for making assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and fair value measures that are not readily apparent from other sources. As a result, these accounting policies could materially affect our financial statements.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments based on historical experiences and various other factors that are believed to reflect the current circumstances. While we believe our estimates, assumptions and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates due to changes in judgments, assumptions and conditions as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise, which could have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

Revenue

We recognize revenues from the sale of prototype products and from R&D and development arrangements with OEMs and suppliers to the OEMs. Revenue represents the amount of expected consideration we are entitled to receive upon the transfer of promised goods or services in the ordinary course of our activities and is recorded net of sales taxes. We recognize revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we also consider the following indicators to assess whether control of a promised good or service is transferred to the customer: (i) right to payment; (ii) transfer of legal title; (iii) physical possession; (iv) significant risks and rewards of ownership; and (v) acceptance of the goods or service. For performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue over time by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation.

The application of various accounting principles related to the measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make judgments and estimates. Specifically, complex development arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require relevant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting treatment, including whether the promised goods and services specified in a multiple element arrangement are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Determining whether products or services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may sometimes require significant judgment. When a contract involves multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual products and services separately if the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the product or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the arrangement. For multiple element arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price, or SSP.

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Judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP when products and services are sold separately. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, we determine SSP using information that may include other observable inputs, or use a residual approach to estimate the SSP for performance obligations where SSP is highly variable or uncertain. Changes in judgments with respect to these assumptions and estimates could impact the timing or amount of revenue recognition.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

AEye is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards. Following the closing of the Merger, our Post-Combination Company will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which the Company has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period, or (iv) December 31, 2025. AEye expects to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 1 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

On November 13, 2020 CF III’s units began trading on Nasdaq under the symbol “CFACU”. On January 4, 2021, CF III’s Class A common stock and warrants trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “CFAC” and “CFACW,” respectively. On the Closing Date, all outstanding CF III units were separated, pursuant to their terms, into one share of Common Stock and one-third (1/3) of one warrant (and the units ceased trading on Nasdaq), and on August 18, 2021, and our Common Stock and warrants were listed on Nasdaq under the new trading symbols “LIDR” and “LIDRW”, respectively.

We have not paid any cash dividends on shares of our Common Stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends. The payment of cash dividends in the future will depend on our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any dividends will be within the discretion of the Board. We expect to retain any earnings for use in our business operations and, accordingly, do not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future.

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BUSINESS

General

We are a provider of high-performance, active lidar systems technology for vehicle autonomy, advanced driver-assistance systems, or ADAS, and robotic vision applications. With a sophisticated workforce of leaders and researchers, AEye has developed an artificial intelligence technology that enables adaptive “intelligent sensing,” differentiating AEye in the marketplace from its competition. Our proprietary software-definable 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform combines solid-state active lidar, an optionally fused low-light HD camera, and integrated deterministic artificial intelligence to capture more intelligent information with less data, enabling faster, more accurate, and more reliable perception of the surroundings.

AEye was founded in 2013 by Luis Dussan, AEye’s Chief Technology Officer, to create a deterministic AI-driven sensing system that performs better than the human eye and visual cortex. Mr. Dussan’s experience developing mission-critical targeting systems for fighter jets and ground troops on behalf of the U.S. military provided him with the background to develop a differentiated approach to visual sensing. While traditional sensing systems passively collect data, our active 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform leverages principles from automated targeting systems and biomimicry to scan the environment, while intelligently focusing on what matters in order to enable safer, smarter, and faster decisions in complex scenarios. From its inception, AEye’s culture drew from esteemed scientists and electro-optics engineers from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, to create the highest performing sensing and perception system for the most challenging situations, ensuring the highest levels of safety for autonomous driving.

As a result, our adaptive lidar is designed to enable higher levels of autonomy and functionality — SAE Levels 2 through 5 — with the goal of optimizing performance, power, and reducing cost. Our 4Sight^TM Intelligent Sensing Platform is software-definable, and network-optimized, and leverages deterministic artificial intelligence at the edge. We have made substantial investments in our R&D processes and deliver value to our customers through a combination of sales and direct channels. We perform the majority of our R&D activities in our 56,549 square foot corporate headquarters in Dublin, California. Our modular design facilitates product hardware updates as technologies evolve, and its small size and modest heat dissipation enable very flexible placement options on the interior or exterior of a vehicle. 4Sight also leverages a common architecture to create application-specific products across the Automotive, Mobility and Industrial markets.

Our systems-based approach encourages partnership from the well-established automotive supply chain, including OEMs, as well as Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. There is strong alignment between us and our partners given what is required to produce a high-performance automotive grade products at scale, including quality, reliability, and affordability. Our Tier 1 partners will add value with OEM customers through industrialization, manufacturing, integration, sales, marketing, product liability and warranty. Our Tier 2 partners will provide automotive-grade sub-components, which are used not only in automotive lidar for ADAS use cases, but also for our products to be sold in the Industrial and Mobility markets. We expect the result will be a high-quality, high-performance product at a low cost, which we believe to be a key enabler in accelerating adoption of lidar across various markets in Automotive and beyond.

In pursuing this strategy, we have partnered with leading Tier 1 automotive suppliers including Continental, Hella, Aisin, and ZKW Group GmbH (an affiliate of LG Electronics). One of our Tier 1 partners is currently in the process of bidding for long range lidar series production awards with OEMs that are expected to represent a substantial portion of our future revenues. The main markets for lidar, including Automotive, Industrial, and Mobility, are projected to see significant growth in both the near and long term. We believe this expected growth will allow AEye to achieve greater market share as well as pursue specialization opportunities like highway autonomous driving applications that benefit from our products. We expect that lidar will be a required sensing solution across many end markets, and we intend to be the leading solutions provider in these spaces.

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Market Outlook/Overview

We believe that lidar will be a required sensing solution across many end markets. We broadly define our three key end markets as Automotive, Mobility and Industrial.

Automotive

Applications for the Automotive end market include lidar sensors and software for passenger and commercial vehicles. Automotive and commercial vehicle OEMs seek to introduce lidar sensors to add ADAS features and improve safety for passengers and pedestrians. To achieve these objectives, our sensors can search, detect, acquire, and track small objects at long distances. We believe that our strategy to partner with Tier 1 automotive suppliers to produce high-quality, long-range lidar at scale will drive adoption of lidar in series production across major global OEMs.

Mobility

We believe that lidar is a critical component of fully autonomous driving or self-driving systems. Currently, fully autonomous vehicles are primarily being tested in low speed, closed-loop (meaning a fixed route or limited geographic area) conditions. For autonomous vehicles to perform at higher speeds and unlock their full potential, we believe long-range lidar will be necessary. We may also introduce other mid- and short-range lidar systems based on the same 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform. Our system is particularly well-suited to reduce the intensive compute (and associated power and latency) requirements of fully autonomous systems because our platform handles critical data processing at the sensor level, thereby allowing the self-driving system to focus limited compute resources on the vehicle’s path planning.

We identify three distinct types of Mobility customers, each of whom stand to benefit from our best-in-class detection of small objects at long distances.

Industrial

We believe there are a broad range of use cases for lidar in Industrial markets, including but not limited to rail, construction, mining & agriculture, aerospace & defense, and intelligent transportation systems.

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Commercial

Overview

We employ two different go-to-market models: one model addresses the traditional Automotive end market and the other model addresses Industrial and Mobility end markets.

We employ a channel model in the traditional Automotive market by working through Tier 1 suppliers that sell products to OEM customers. Those Tier 1 suppliers will industrialize, manufacture, and sell lidar sensor solution units to OEMs that incorporate our proprietary design and software. We expect that we will receive royalty payments from those Tier 1 suppliers for each unit they sell to their OEM customers. Royalties may take the form of a fixed amount per unit, a percentage of the average selling price of the sensor, profit-sharing, or some combination of these methods. We work alongside our Tier 1 supplier partners to quote new business according to the OEM’s specifications. Our announced Tier 1 developing supplier partner engagements include Continental, Hella, ZKW Group GmbH (an affiliate of LG Electronics) and Aisin. We are also currently engaged in partnership discussions with other Tier 1 suppliers.

For the Industrial and Mobility markets, we either sell directly to the customer or through systems integrators. Contract manufacturers with whom we have agreements, assemble, test, and deliver these products. Direct sales constitute sales of units to upgrade systems or otherwise add on to an existing product, while systems integrators will build our technology into mass produced systems, such as autonomous mining haulers, locomotives, or intelligent transportation systems.

Our lidar products employ a single product platform that is based on components sourced from an established Tier 2 automotive supply chain to drive down costs and increase reliability. We expect to utilize those same components to address the Industrial and Mobility markets, which enables us to leverage our volume in automotive, and drive costs down for the products made by our contract manufacturing partners.

Relationship with Continental

Continental, which refers to Continental AG together with its subsidiaries, is one of the largest Tier 1 automotive suppliers globally as measured by revenue. Continental is also a leading provider of ADAS products, supplying more than 25 OEMs, 50 brands, and 300 vehicle models globally, having shipped over 100 million ADAS products over the last three years, including radar, camera, autonomous driving compute units, and complementary flash lidar for short-range applications.

In October 2020, we and Continental publicly announced a strategic partnership whereby Continental will manufacture and integrate our lidar products into OEM model lines through long-term series production contracts with OEMs. Continental, after evaluating a wide range of competing solutions, entered into a Joint Development Agreement in 2021 with us setting forth the basis for a long-range lidar technology partnership.

Continental is currently engaged in multiple OEM purchasing processes using us as its technology design partner. Continental is planning a manufacturing facility with a 2024 anticipated start of production. It is expected that the full production line capacity will be contractually committed through Continental for various series production car models over the next few years.

For production lines that utilize our product design, Continental will purchase the hardware components from a group of approved automotive-grade Tier 2 suppliers manufacturing our component designs. We expect that for each unit that Continental sells based upon our licensed product design, Continental will pay us a royalty.

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Products

Our product offerings are currently comprised of the 4Sight A and 4Sight M, both of which are built on the 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform. The 4Sight A is currently in early sample testing with Continental, while the 4Sight M began its transition to commercial production with automotive qualified contract manufacturers in the fourth calendar quarter of 2021.

Technology

We developed the 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform, to combine solid-state active lidar, an optionally fused low-light HD camera, and integrated deterministic artificial intelligence to capture more intelligent information with less data, enabling faster, more accurate, and more reliable perception of the surroundings. The 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform enables the integration of various types of sensor inputs, including camera, lidar, and radar. Our 4Sight products are developed on this framework and incorporate both camera and lidar sensors.

The 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform leverages a bistatic architecture, allowing for physically separated transmit and receive paths. This improves range, refresh rate, and resolution over conventional coaxial architectures employed by our competitors, by allowing the transmitter to direct energy independently of the receiver’s focus. The lidar system employs time-of-flight based scanning, delivered with extremely low latency.

The laser we utilize is a 1550nm fiber laser. The 1550nm wavelength provides a photon budget far exceeding (>100x) 905nm lasers, because 1550nm is a retina-safe wavelength, therefore allowing more energy to be utilized by lidar solutions using 1550nm lasers.

We leverage custom high resonance micro-electro-mechanical systems, or MEMS mirrors for agile scanning over a wide field of view. The MEMS that we use are extremely small when compared to competing MEMS-based lidar solutions, and when coupled with the extremely high resonant frequency at which they can operate, our MEMS meet and exceed shock and vibration requirements for the Automotive, Industrial, and Defense markets.

The bistatic architecture that we use is key to our proprietary camera-lidar system integration. By separating the send and receive paths, we can boresight align a camera imager with the laser transmitter. While the lidar delivers deterministic 3D data, the camera is additive for interpreting human-designed contextual clues, such as the color of stop lights or the words on a road sign. The camera integration is optional, therefore, we also intend to offer lidar-only solutions to our customers.

All of the data collected is processed directly on the system-on-a-chip, where our algorithms continually evaluate the certainty of object detection in order to direct system energy and focus.

4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform

4Sight is our proprietary lidar intelligent sensing platform. This intelligence is enabled by our patented bistatic architecture, which keeps the transmit and receive channels separate, allowing 4Sight to optimize for both. As each laser pulse is transmitted, the receiver is told where and when to look for its return — enabling deterministic artificial intelligence to be introduced into the sensing process at the point the laser pulse is received. Ultimately, this establishes the 4Sight platform as active — allowing it to focus on what matters most in a vehicle’s surroundings.

The result mimics how the human visual cortex conceptually focuses on and evaluates the environment around the vehicle, driving conditions, and road hazards, enabling smarter, more accurate decision making — radically improving the probability of detection and the accuracy of classification. The sensor captures more intelligent information with less data, enabling faster, more accurate and more reliable perception.

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We have identified four increasingly complex levels of software which differentiate our system:

4Sight A

4Sight A is our high-performance, software-configurable lidar solution for Automotive markets. Built on a modular architecture, the 4Sight A series is easily customizable to address the specific design requirements for multiple OEMs. Industrialized, manufactured, tested, and validated by our Tier 1 partners, the 4Sight A series features industry leading, long-range ADAS performance, designed to address the need for high-performance applications. 4Sight A is built on our patented 1550nm, solid-state, active lidar. We expect that the 4Sight A will generally utilize one of the first three software levels described above: 4Sight at Design, Triggered 4Sight, or Responsive 4Sight.

We believe the unique combination of features of 4Sight A include:

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4Sight M

4Sight M is our high-performance, software-configurable lidar solution for the Mobility and Industrial markets. Built on our unique 4Sight Intelligent Sensing Platform, 4Sight M meets the diverse array of performance and functional requirements for the Mobility and Industrial markets with our industry-leading lidar performance, integrated intelligence, advanced vision capabilities, and unmatched reliability and safety. 4Sight M is a cost-effective, customizable perception solution that leverages the complete 4Sight software platform and includes a comprehensive software development kit for an extensible roadmap to autonomous functionality. 4Sight M may utilize any of the four software levels described above: 4Sight at Design, Triggered 4Sight, Responsive 4Sight or Predictive 4Sight.

Flexible sensor location within the car

Our design allows for unique flexibility with respect to sensor placement for two key reasons. First, our performance is not significantly impaired by first surfaces, such as stray light reflected off of a windshield or the plastic used in the fascia or headlight. Second, the unit’s low power requirements and small form factor makes it easier for OEM designers to integrate our sensors into a variety of locations in a vehicle, such as behind the windshield. Competing solutions, on the other hand, may need to be integrated into the roof of the car in order to resolve challenges with excess heat or size. As a result, OEMs that install competing products may need to substantially alter the physical appearance of their vehicles to accommodate those products.

Competition

Lidar-based perception solutions for autonomous applications is an emerging market with a wide variety of possible applications across many different markets. We face competition from numerous companies worldwide that are developing lidar solutions, and some of these solutions may use a similar wavelength or scanning methodology. For example, we and at least one of our major competitors use lasers that have a 1550nm wavelength. Other competitors use MEMS-based scanning technologies that are similar to ours, although we believe our MEMS solution is unique due its small size and high resonant frequency. In addition to companies focused specifically on developing lidar solutions, we also face competition from current or potential partners and customers that may be developing lidar solutions internally. We believe that many of the other companies developing lidar solutions are focused on shorter-range sensors that passively collect data, and most of these sensors utilize 905nm lasers that limit their performance. We believe that we are differentiated from competitors by virtue of our active, embedded artificial intelligence approach that enables our lidar sensors to dynamically adapt to changing environments. In addition, we believe that our product design delivers longer range and higher resolution than many of our competitors. This is possible, in part, because we utilize 1550nm lasers that enable our lidar solutions to achieve a higher photon budget than many of our competitors that rely upon 905nm lasers. While 1550nm lasers are more costly than 905nm lasers on a per unit basis, 1550nm lasers have much higher performance and our product only requires one such laser. Some 905nm systems utilize up to 128 lasers and still don’t attain the performance results we achieve with a single 1550 nm laser. As a result, we believe that we are able to compete favorably in the lidar market, particularly in market segments such as highway autonomous driving applications that can benefit from our active, long-range, high-resolution capabilities.

We believe that our modular, patented design, our embedded artificial intelligence, which is inherently enabled by our unique product, and our strong R&D capabilities will enable us to remain a technology leader in the lidar market.

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Research and Development

We have made substantial investments into our R&D efforts historically, and we expect to substantially increase our investments in this area in the future. We believe that this is essential to maintain our position as a provider of one of the most advanced lidar solutions in the market. While our R&D activities occur primarily at our headquarters in Dublin, California, we work with technology developers on a worldwide basis. Our engineers located in Dublin, California focus on developing sensor hardware, firmware, and perception software.

Our R&D team is responsible for both developing new technology, as well as enhancing the capabilities and performance of our lidar hardware, firmware, and perception software. Our R&D team also has responsibility for identifying, defining, and prototyping advanced components that we may utilize from key suppliers, as well as for our design-for-manufacturability, or DFM, and other critical capabilities. Additionally, this team works alongside our operations team to assist our Tier 1 and contract manufacturer partners as they develop large-scale manufacturing processes based on our lidar design.

Intellectual Property

We believe that our competitive advantage and our success depend in part upon our ability to develop and protect both our intellectual property and our technology. We own a portfolio of intellectual property, which includes patents (issued and pending), registered trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and expertise in the development of our lidar solutions.

We have filed patent and trademark applications in order to further secure these rights and strengthen our ability to defend against third parties who may infringe on our rights. We also rely on trade secrets, design and manufacturing know-how, continuing technological innovations, and licensing and exclusivity opportunities to maintain and improve our competitive position. Additionally, we protect our proprietary rights through agreements with our commercial partners, vendors, employees, and consultants, as well as close monitoring of the developments, components, products, and competitors in the industry.

As of March 1, 2022, we owned 40 U.S. and foreign issued patents and we had 91 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications, with 8 patent applications in the drafting stage. In addition, we have two registered and five pending trademark applications. Our patents and patent applications cover a broad range of system level and component level aspects of our key technology including, among other things, bistatic lidar system architecture, laser, scanner, receiver, and perception technology.

Sales and Marketing

We utilize a combination of channel (indirect) sales and direct sales methods. In the Automotive market, we work with Tier 1 partners that are suppliers to the OEMs. We intend to license our lidar designs and other intellectual property to these Tier 1 partners, who will then industrialize and sell our technology to their OEM customers. While we intend to use Tier 1 partners as our sales channel, we also maintain direct contact with the OEMs, which better enables us to understand their specific product requirements and facilitate the implementation of our product design into their vehicles. Working with Tier 1 partners allows us to use this existing automotive value chain and provides us with an opportunity to increase our penetration of the Automotive market more rapidly than would otherwise be possible. This, in turn, will substantially reduce our investment in sales and marketing, and it will also substantially reduce the associated costs for manufacturing, working capital, validation, and testing, as well as the overhead of product liability and warranty over the life of the multiyear series production programs with OEMs. In the Industrial and Mobility markets, we use the same supply chain to manufacture through global contract manufacturers, and we will sell our products primarily through system integrator channel partners that may integrate our lidar sensor and software as part of a larger solution for an end customer. We also intend to sell directly to certain customers for situations in which a system integrator relationship is either not present or not required.

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We solicit feedback directly from partners and customers in order to identify opportunities to improve our product design. Our sales and marketing team works with industry analysts, universities, and independent labs to conduct studies and performance tests, which provides third-party validation of our solutions to current and potential customers and partners. Our marketing team also drives our brand management and increases our public visibility through news releases, advertising campaigns, events, industry panels, and other public relations programs.

Government Regulation

We believe that the U.S. has provided a constructive legal environment to enable the testing and development of autonomous capabilities. We do not expect any federal rules or regulations in the near future that would impact the use or demand for our lidar technology. The states of California and New York, however, do enforce operational or registration requirements for some autonomous functions. U.S. federal regulations generally allow higher levels of safe and responsible autonomous functionality to be deployed. The European Union, China, and other foreign markets are also developing standards to define the requirements for deploying higher levels of autonomy.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, or NHTSA, is the principal legal and regulatory authority that has oversight of vehicles equipped with our sensors as they are deployed on public roadways. The obligations of motor vehicle equipment manufacturers include regular reporting under the Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation Act, or TREAD, as well as strict recall and reporting requirements for any defects related to highway safety or any non-compliance with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Similar such reporting and recall requirements exist in foreign markets. As the development of federal, state, and foreign legal frameworks around autonomous vehicles continue to evolve, we may be subject to additional regulatory schemes.

Lidar technology, such as ours, is subject to the Electronic Product Radiation Control Provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. These requirements are enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. Electronic product radiation includes laser technology. Regulations governing these products are intended to protect the public from hazardous or unnecessary exposure. Manufacturers are required to certify in product labeling and reports to the FDA that their products comply with applicable performance standards as well as maintain manufacturing, testing, and distribution records for their products.

We are also subject to import and export regulations of the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. In addition, our operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the occupational health and safety of our employees and wage regulations. We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, or OSHA, as amended, and comparable state laws that protect and regulate employee health and safety.

Like all companies operating in similar industries, we are subject to environmental regulation, including water use; air emissions; use of recycled materials; energy sources; the storage, handling, treatment, transportation, and disposal of hazardous materials; and the remediation of environmental contamination. Compliance with these rules may include permits, licenses, and inspections of our facilities and products.

Human Capital Resources

We believe that our culture is one of our competitive advantages. We have emphasized a collaborative, team-oriented, performance-based culture with a strong focus on both the development of differentiated technology and the success of our customers. Our leadership team has come from sectors including aerospace and defense, semiconductors, software, computer hardware, management consulting, and private equity. As of December 31, 2021, we had over 100 employees worldwide. The majority of our employees are in the R&D function. We also engage numerous consultants and contractors to supplement our regular full-time workforce. None of our

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employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider our employee relations to be good. To date, we have not experienced any work stoppages.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters is located in Dublin, California, where we lease 56,549 square feet pursuant to a lease that expires December 1, 2026. The Dublin facility contains engineering, R&D, operations, customer support, marketing, and administrative functions. We also lease 1,540 square feet of office space in a facility in Tiburon, California pursuant to a lease which expires on September 30, 2022. The Tiburon facility contains administrative and sales and marketing functions.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in actions, claims, suits, and other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including assertions by third parties relating to intellectual property infringement, breaches of contract or warranties, or employment-related matters. We are not currently a party to any actions, claims, suits, or other legal proceedings the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or in the aggregate have a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

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MANAGEMENT

Management and Board of Directors

The following sets forth certain information concerning the persons who serve as our executive officers and members of our Board.

Executive Officers

Blair B. LaCorte has served as a Class III director since the closing of the Transactions, as well as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. LaCorte served as AEye Technologies’ Chief Executive Officer and member of AEye Technologies’ Board of Directors from October 2020 to the closing of the Transactions. Mr. LaCorte joined AEye Technologies as an advisory board member in 2016 and was named Chief of Staff and President in 2017. Prior to joining AEye Technologies, he served as Global President of Production Resource Group, LLC from 2013 through 2016, a live event technology and services company. From 2010 through 2013, Mr. LaCorte served as Chief Executive Officer of XOJET Aviation, an on-demand private jet charter company. He also served as the Managing Director and Operating Partner at TPG, Inc., a private equity firm with over $91 billion in global investments. He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Maine and holds an M.B.A. from Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business, where he later served as an executive fellow at the Center for Digital Strategies.

Mr. LaCorte is qualified to serve as a director based on his experience, serving as our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Executive Officer of AEye Technologies, his professional experience and his investing experience.

Luis C. Dussan had served as a Class II director since the closing of the Transactions, in addition to serving as our Chief Technology Officer and Chief Product Strategist. Mr. Dussan co-founded AEye Technologies in 2013 and was a member of the AEye Technologies’ Board of Directors since its inception. From 2020 to the closing of the Transactions, he served as the President and Chief Technology Officer of AEye Technologies. From December 2013 through 2014 he served as the President of AEye Technologies, and from 2014 through 2020 as the Chief Executive Officer of AEye Technologies. Mr. Dussan has more than 20 years of experience in the aerospace and defense industry. He started his career at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”) in 1997 working for the Jet Propulsion Lab in the Deep Space Network that communicated with NASA planetary and deep space probes. From 2002 through 2009 he worked at Lockheed Martin Corporation in their Missiles and Fire Control Division. From 2009 through 2013, Mr. Dussan worked for Northrop Grumman

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Laser Systems, as Chief Technologist, where he was responsible for managing the research and development of electro-optical sensors. Mr. Dussan holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, an M.S. in Quantum Optics, and an M.S. in Optics & Photonics. Mr. Dussan is responsible for many of our foundational patents in lidar and perception as well as being responsible for several trade secrets for his previous employers in the aerospace and defense industry. Mr. Dussan has been given several awards since founding AEye, with the most recent being the 2020 Vision Award by AutoSens. He is considered a top expert in lidar technology as well as remote sensing and vehicle perception. As an executive, he is a proven team leader with a record of success throughout his career. Along with Mr. LaCorte, he is responsible for building our management and leadership team.

Mr. Dussan is qualified to serve as a director based on his technical and operational expertise gained from serving as our Chief Technology Officer, as a board member of the Company since inception, and his position as co-founder of the Company.

Robert A. Brown has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since the closing of the Transactions and joined AEye Technologies in November 2020 as Chief Financial Officer. He came to AEye with over 30 years of financial experience, completing over $20 billion in financing and M&A transactions. Prior to joining AEye, he was the Chief Financial Officer at Cepton Technologies, Inc., a provider of lidar solutions, from 2019 through 2020, at Velodyne Lidar, Inc., also a provider of lidar solutions, from 2017 through 2019, and at VeriSilicon Holdings Co., Ltd., a provider of custom semiconductor services and semiconductor IP licensing, from 2015 through 2017. From 2014 through 2015, he served as Vice President, Business Development at Cadence Design Systems, Inc., a provider of computational software for electronic design. Mr. Brown also served in various positions at LSI Corporation, a provider of networking and storage semiconductors, from 2000 to 2014, including Senior Director, Corporate Development, and Vice President, Treasury, Tax & Corporate Development. From 1999 to 2000 he worked as VP, Financial Planning & Treasurer at GetThere.com, Inc., a provider of internet travel solutions. Prior to that, Mr. Brown held several roles in finance at the Hewlett-Packard Company, a provider of computers and peripherals, from 1992 to 1999. He started his career in banking with Security Pacific National Bank in 1987. Mr. Brown holds a B.S. in Business from Miami University and an M.B.A. from the University of Michigan.

Thomas R. Tewell has served as our Chief Operating Officer since the closing of the Transactions and joined AEye Technologies in March 2021 as Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining AEye, he was the Chief Operating Officer at Velodyne Lidar, Inc., a provider of lidar solutions, from 2018 through 2021. From 2017 to 2018, he was an executive in manufacturing strategy and technology at Velodyne Lidar, Inc. Earlier in his career, from 2005 through 2017, Mr. Tewell has held progressively senior roles in both the hardware and embedded software space across a variety of technology companies, including VeriSilicon Holdings Co., Ltd., NXP Semiconductors N.V., Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Nvidia Corporation, and Fujitsu Semiconductor America, Inc. He brings more than 30 years of engineering and operations experience, including two decades in automotive electronics.

Andrew S. Hughes has served as our General Counsel and Secretary since the closing of the Transactions and joined AEye Technologies in March 2021 as General Counsel. Mr. Hughes has over 30 years of legal experience and prior to joining us, he was the General Counsel for the Americas at Renesas Electronics Corporation (TSE: 6723), a global automotive and industrial semiconductor manufacturer, from 2017 through 2021. From 2015 to 2017, he was the General Counsel and Corporate Secretary at Intersil Corporation (NASDAQ: ISIL), a power management semiconductor solutions provider. During his career, Mr. Hughes has also served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary at Ikanos Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ: IKAN), Bell Microproducts, Inc. (NASDAQ: BELM), and LSI Logic Corporation (NYSE: LSI), and served as a Division Counsel at Harris Corporation (NYSE: HRS) as well as a partner at a regional law firm in Southern California. Mr. Hughes holds a B.A. degree from the University of California, Los Angeles, and a J.D. and M.B.A. from Santa Clara University.

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Non-Employee Directors

Wen Hsieh has served as a Class I director since the closing of the Transactions and was a director of AEye Technologies from 2016 to the closing of the Transactions as the representative director of Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, where he has been a General Partner since 2006. From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Hsieh was an Associate Principal at McKinsey & Company from 2001 through 2006. Mr. Hsieh holds a B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering with a Biology Minor from the California Institute of Technology.

Mr. Hsieh is qualified to serve as a director due to his extensive background in the technology industry and his leadership experience.

Prof. Dr. Bernd Gottschalk has served as a Class III director since the closing of the Transactions. Prof. Dr. Gottschalk, born in Lübeck, Germany, studied economics at the Universities of Hamburg, Saarbrücken and Stanford, California. He earned his doctorate in 1971 at the University of Hamburg (Dr. rer. pol.). From 1972 to 1996, he worked in various divisions at Daimler-Benz AG, including Assistant to the CEO, Plant Manager Mannheim (Engines, Buses, Foundry) and President of Mercedes-Benz do Brasil. In 1992, he was appointed as an ordinary member of the Managing Board of Mercedes-Benz AG, responsible for the Commercial Vehicles Division (trucks, vans, buses) worldwide. From 1997 until 2008, Prof. Dr. Gottschalk served as President of the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA). Prof. Dr. Gottschalk also had various responsibilities in the national and international industry over the years: he was President of the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) in Paris, and Vice President of the Federation of German Industries (BDI). Prof. Dr. Gottschalk is also founder, owner and managing partner of AutoValue GmbH, Frankfurt, a provider of automotive expertise. Prof. Dr. Gottschalk is a member of supervisory boards of various publicly listed companies such as Schaeffler AG, Jost Werke AG, and Compagnie Plastic Omnium SA, Paris. Since November 2020 he has served as a Member of the Supervisory Board of Benteler International AG.

Prof. Dr. Gottschalk is qualified to serve as a director based on his broad experience in the automotive industry as a founder, senior executive, and board member of private and publicly listed companies.

Dr. Karl-Thomas Neumann has served a Class II director since the closing of the Transactions. Dr. Neumann, born in Twistringen, Germany, studied Electrical Engineering at the University of Dortmund, Germany and holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Duisburg, Germany. Dr. Neumann has held several executive leadership positions within the automotive and semiconductor industry since starting his career as research engineer at the Fraunhofer Society in 1989. From 1993 until 1999 he worked in various divisions of Motorola where he was appointed Director, Strategy and Advanced System Laboratories from 1996 until 1999. From 2000 until 2004 he worked in various positions at Volkswagen AG, where he served as Director, Development Electrics and Electronics, and Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Carmeq. From 2004 until 2007, he held several executive-level positions at Continental AG, including Executive Board Member, President, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. From 2009 to 2010 he served as the Executive Vice President of Volkswagen Group, and was appointed the Chief Executive Officer and President of Volkswagen Group China from 2010 to 2012. From 2013 to 2017, Dr. Neumann was the Senior Vice President of General Motors and the Chief Executive Officer of Adam Opel AG/Group GmbH. He is also founder of the investment and consultant company KTN GmbH, where he currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Neumann also serves on the board of directors of Hyundai Mobis, Apex.AI, KTN Beratungs- und Beteiligungs-GmbH, indie Semiconductor, Polestar, OneD Material, Inc., and Autobrains.

Dr. Neumann is qualified to serve as a director based on his broad experience in the automotive industry as a senior executive and board member of private and publicly listed companies.

Timothy J. Dunn has served as a Class I director since the closing of the Transactions. Mr. Dunn most recently served as an Operating Partner at TPG Capital, a private equity firm with more than $50 billion of assets under

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management. Prior to TPG, Mr. Dunn served as Chief Financial Officer at Hotwire from 2001 to 2005. Mr. Dunn served as Gap, Inc.’s Gap Division Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer between 1998 and 2001. Prior to joining Gap, Mr. Dunn worked at PepsiCo Inc. in a series of finance and strategic planning roles. Over the course of his career, Mr. Dunn has held several international roles, including in London as the Chief Financial Officer for Pizza Hut International for Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Earlier in his career, Mr. Dunn served as the Controller for PepsiCo Restaurants International and the Chief Financial Officer for Gap’s Domestic and International businesses. Mr. Dunn worked for PricewaterhouseCoopers and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive) in California. Mr. Dunn has served on private and public company boards, including Chair of the Audit Committee for two TPG portfolio companies—Ellucian, an ERP software company for higher education, and Vertafore, a software company for insurance carriers, brokers, and agencies—as well as Nordstrom’s Federal Savings Bank, a credit card bank owned by Nordstrom, Inc. Mr. Dunn is also Chair of the Board for St. Anthony Foundation, a preeminent non-profit in San Francisco, California Mr. Dunn holds a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Southern California.

Mr. Dunn is qualified to serve as a director based on his broad experience as a senior executive and board member of private and publicly listed companies.

Carol DiBattiste has served as a Class III director and our board chair since the closing of the Transactions. Ms. DiBattiste currently serves on the boards of American Roll-On Roll-Off Carrier, February 2022 to present, a leading U.S.-flag transportation carrier in the international trades; and Giant Oak, December 2019 to present, a private behavioral science-led machine learning company which supports the identification of unknown risks for government and financial institutions. Ms. DiBattiste most recently served as the Chief Legal and Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary at Qomplx, Inc., a cloud-native risk analytics provider, from July 2021 through the termination of a contemplated business combination with a Special Purpose Acquisition Company in January 2022; and the Chief Legal and Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary at ComScore, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCOR), January 2017 to June 2020, a global information and analytics company that measures advertising, content, and the consumer audiences across media platforms. Ms. DiBattiste served as Senior Advisor for Appeals Modernization, Office of the Secretary from May 2016 to August 2016, and from August 2016 to January 2017 she served as Executive in Charge and Vice Chairman, Board of Veterans’ Appeals, both with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Ms. DiBattiste served as Executive Vice President, Chief Legal, Privacy, Security, and Administrative Officer with Education Management Corporation (OTC: EDMCQ) from March 2013 to March 2016. Prior to that, she held senior executive roles at public companies, including Geeknet (NASDAQ: GKNT), from 2011 to 2013, which was acquired by GameStop (NYSE: GME); ChoicePoint (NYSE: CPS), from 2005 to 2008, which was acquired by Reed Elsevier/Lexis Nexis; and Reed Elsevier, from 2008 to 2011, (RELX PLC). Ms. DiBattiste has also held several senior leadership positions in the U.S. Government at the Departments of Defense, Justice, Homeland Security, and Veterans Affairs, including the Under Secretary of the U.S. Air Force, a Senate confirmed position, Principal Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Navy, Deputy Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration, and Director of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. She served on active duty in the U.S. Air Force. Ms. DiBattiste holds an L.L.M., Law from the Columbia University School of Law, a J.D. from Temple University School of Law, and a B.A., Sociology-Criminal Justice, from LaSalle University. She is Directorship Certified by the National Association of Corporate Directors and possesses a CERT Cybersecurity Oversight Certification.

Ms. DiBattiste is qualified to serve as a director based on her broad experience as a senior executive and board member of private and publicly listed companies.

Sue Zeifman has served as a Class I director since her appointment to our Board of Directors in January 2022. Ms. Zeifman has over 30 years of experience in the marketing and communications industry. Her most recent professional experience includes nine years, 2009 to 2018, at Apple, Inc. as Senior Director of Global Marketing Production, where she was responsible for leadership and advisement to Apple’s global marketing team for strategic direction and production of multi-layered programs. Ms. Zeifman’s prior positions include Senior Vice-President, Creative Services & Production, for Young & Rubicam Advertising from 2000 to 2009; Vice-

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President, Managing Director, of Y&R 2.1 Interactive Agency from 1997 to 2000, and Manager of Creative Services for Young & Rubicam, San Francisco from 1990 to 1997. Ms. Zeifman’s experience includes the management of highly complex and technical marketing programs with multiple deliverables and budgetary constraints. She developed global initiatives and enhanced cross-functional partnerships with Creative, Sales, Retail, Technology, Procurement and Product Marketing teams. Ms. Zeifman holds a B.A. in Broadcast Communication Arts from San Francisco State University and attended extensive Apple University Executive Curriculum courses, including Strategic Planning and Management.

Ms. Zeifman is uniquely qualified to serve as a member of AEye’s board of directors based on her broad marketing and communications experience for leading technology companies.

Director Independence

The Nasdaq Listing Rules require that a majority of our Board be independent. An “independent director” is defined generally as a person who is not an executive officer or employee of the company and who, in the opinion of the Board, has no relationship with the company which would “interfere with the exercise of independent judgment” in carrying out director responsibilities. Our Board of Directors has undertaken a review of the independence of our directors and considered whether any such director has a material relationship with us that could compromise that director’s ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out that director’s responsibilities. Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Carol DiBattiste, Timothy J. Dunn, Prof. Dr. Bernd Gottschalk, Wen H. Hsieh, and Dr. Karl-Thomas Neumann is an ‘‘independent director,’’ as defined under the rules of NASDAQ.

Committees of Our Board

Our Board directs the management of our business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and conducts its business through meetings of the Board and standing committees. We have a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which operates under a written charter. Our audit committee is composed of three (3) independent directors, our compensation committee is composed of three (3) independent directors, and our nominating committee is composed of two (2) independent directors.

Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee consists of Carol DiBattiste, Timothy J. Dunn, Prof. Dr. Bernd Gottschalk, and Wen H. Hsieh, with Mr. Dunn chairing this Committee. Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the NASDAQ rules require us to have an Audit Committee composed entirely of independent directors. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that Ms. DiBattiste, Mr. Dunn, Prof. Dr. Gottschalk, and Mr. Hsieh all meet the definition of ‘‘independent director’’ for purposes of serving on the Audit Committee under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Board has determined that each director appointed to the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that Mr. Dunn is our Audit Committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act. In arriving at this determination, the Board has examined each audit committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their prior and/or current employment. Both our independent registered public accounting firm and management periodically will meet privately with our audit committee.

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee consists of Carol DiBattiste, Timothy J. Dunn, and Dr. Karl-Thomas Neumann, with Dr. Neumann chairing this Committee. Our Board has determined that each of Ms. DiBattiste, Mr. Dunn, and Dr. Neumann meet the definition of ‘‘independent director’’ for purposes of serving on the Compensation Committee under the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market. No member of our

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Compensation Committee is or has been one of our officers or employees, and none have any relationships with us of the type that is required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. None of our executive officers serves or has served as a member of the board of directors, compensation committee, or other board committee performing equivalent functions of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as one of our directors or on our Compensation Committee.

Nominating Committee

Our nominating committee consists of Carol DiBattiste and Bernd Gottschalk, with Dr. Gottschalk serving as the chairman of the nominating committee. Each of these individuals are non-employee directors, as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act and are “independent” as defined under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards, including the standards specific to members of a nominating committee.

Marketing Committee

Our Marketing Committee consists of Sue Zeifman. Our Marketing Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting with the Company’s global marketing and communications strategy.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to our directors, officers, and employees. A copy of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website www.aeye.ai. The information on or available through any of such website is not deemed incorporated in this prospectus and does not form a part of this prospectus. Our code of business conduct is a “code of ethics,” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K. Please note that our Internet website address is provided as an inactive textual reference only. We will make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our code of ethics on our Internet website.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Overview

This section provides an overview of our executive compensation programs, including a narrative description of the material factors necessary to understand the information disclosed regarding our named executive officers (“NEO”) in the summary compensation table below.

For fiscal year 2021, our NEOs were:

To achieve our goals of bringing our artificial perception system to broad applications from automated driving to industrial robotics, rail and intelligent transport and to maintaining our position as the technology leader in the lidar market, we have designed, and intend to modify as necessary, our compensation and benefits program to attract, retain, incentivize and reward deeply talented and qualified executives who share our philosophy and desire to work towards achieving these goals.

We believe our compensation program should promote the success of the company and align executive incentives with the long-term interests of our stockholders. As we need to evolve, we intend to continue to evaluate our philosophy and compensation programs as circumstances require. Our Board has historically determined the compensation for our NEOs.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the compensation of our NEOs for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 (other than for Andrew Hughes and Thomas Tewell, who were not NEOs until the commencement of their employment in March 2021).

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Elements of Executive Compensation and Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

Base Salary

Base salaries are intended to provide a level of compensation sufficient to attract and retain an effective executive team, when considered in combination with the other components of our executive compensation program. The relative levels of base salary for our NEOs are designed to reflect each NEO’s scope of responsibility and accountability. The base salary paid to each of our NEOs for 2021 is set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table” above. Prior to the closing of the Merger, our NEOs were paid a base salary below market. Following the closing of the Merger, our Compensation Committee, with the assistance of an independent compensation consultant, adjusted the base salaries of our NEOs to market level. Prior to the Merger, Mr. LaCorte was paid an annual base salary of $250,000, that was adjusted to $600,000 effective as of the Closing Date; prior to the Merger, Mr. Hughes was paid an annual base salary of $225,000, that was adjusted to $350,000 effective as of December 1, 2021; and prior to the Merger, Mr. Tewell was paid an annual base salary of $250,000, that was adjusted to $320,000 effective as of December 1, 2021.

Annual Cash Bonus

We provide our NEOs with short-term incentive compensation through an annual cash bonus program. The annual cash bonus program holds the NEOs accountable to business and individual objectives, rewards the NEOs based on actual business results and helps sustain a “pay for performance” culture. Prior to the Merger, our NEOs were not assigned an annual bonus target. However, in conjunction with our Compensation Committee’s review of the overall compensation of our NEOs following the closing of the Merger, the Compensation Committee assigned a target annual bonus to each NEO. The annual bonus targets were set by our Compensation Committee as follows: for Mr. LaCorte, 100% of his base salary; for Mr. Hughes, 65% of his base salary; and for Mr. Tewell, 60% of his base salary.

Although our Compensation Committee set allocations for each of our NEOs between corporate and individual goals, for 2021, our Compensation Committee determined that the bonus amounts to be paid to our NEOs would be based on a simple mathematical formula. In 2021, our NEOs received a bonus calculated as follows: the

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weighted average base salary amount in 2021, multiplied by the annual bonus target, multiplied by the number of days the NEO was employed in 2021 by the Company. For Mr. LaCorte, his weighted average base salary was $381,250, multiplied by his target bonus amount of 100%, multiplied by the number of days employed by the Company in 2021, which was 365, resulting in a bonus payment of $381,250. For Mr. Hughes, his weighted average base salary was $235,417, multiplied by his target bonus amount of 65%, multiplied by the number of days employed by the Company in 2021, which was since March 15, 2021 (or 80% of the year), resulting in a bonus payment of $122,417. For Mr. Tewell, his weighted average base salary was $256,250, multiplied by his target bonus amount of 60%, multiplied by the number of days employed by the Company in 2021, which was since March 15, 2021 (or 80% of the year), resulting in a bonus payment of $123,000. Amounts earned by each NEO for fiscal year 2021 under the annual cash bonus program are set forth in the “Summary Compensation Table” above.

Equity Compensation

Equity Awards During Fiscal Year 2021

During fiscal year 2021, our NEOs were granted equity awards under our 2016 Stock Plan and our 2021 Equity Plan, which became effective in connection with the closing of the Merger.

Restricted Stock Units

During fiscal year 2021, each of our NEOs received one or more awards of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), granted pursuant to our 2016 Stock Plan, if before the Merger, and from our 2021 Equity Plan, if after the Merger. Mr. LaCorte received an award of 11,162 RSUs (post-business combination adjusted) from the 2016 Stock Plan in conjunction with the signing of the business combination and an award of 1,151,316 RSUs from the 2021 Equity Plan to bring Mr. LaCorte’s overall compensation package in line with the market. Mr. Hughes received an award of 223,248 RSUs (post-business combination adjusted) from the 2016 Stock Plan in conjunction with his offer of employment and an additional award of 1,176,752 RSUs from our 2021 Equity Plan as our Compensation Committee believed the additional award was necessary to equate Mr. Hughes’ equity position with our other NEOs. Mr. Tewell received an award of 1,532,970 RSUs (post-business combination adjusted) from the 2016 Stock Plan in conjunction with his offer of employment.

The Company generally intends to grant annual equity awards pursuant to our 2021 Equity Plan to senior management, including our NEOs, in the first calendar quarter of each year.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Our Board has adopted stock ownership guidelines for our NEOs whereby we expect that, at a minimum, by the fifth anniversary of his or her commencement of employment with the Company, that each NEO shall have acquired, and for as long as he or she remains a NEO, will maintain ownership of, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer, four times base salary, and in the case of our other NEOs, two times base salary. All unvested restricted stock units that have been granted to a NEO count toward the indicated minimum dollar values. Although none of our NEOs have been employed by us for at least five years, all of our NEOs currently satisfy this requirement.

AEye’s 2016 Incentive Plan

In October 2016, the board of directors of AEye Technologies adopted, and the stockholders of AEye Technologies approved, the AEye 2016 Stock Plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, non- statutory stock options, and restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of AEye. A total of 8,591,684 shares of AEye Common Stock were reserved for grant under the 2016 Plan. As of December 31, 2021, options and RSUs to purchase 27,323,497 shares of AEye Common Stock were outstanding.

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Administration. The AEye Board administers the 2016 Plan. Subject to the terms of the 2016 Plan, the administrator has the power to, among other things, select the participants and the time or times at which awards shall be granted, determine the awards to be made pursuant to the 2016 plan, determine the fair market value of stock or other property, determine the terms, conditions and restrictions applicable to each award, including fixing the price, vesting period, time of expiration and the manner in which an award becomes exercisable, establish the terms and conditions applicable to, and establish such other terms and requirements of the various compensation incentives under the 2016 Plan, and correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the 2016 Plan or in any award agreement under the 2016 Plan.

Options. Stock options have been granted under the 2016 Plan. Subject to the provisions of the 2016 Plan, the administrator determines the term of an option, the number of shares and the class of shares subject to an option, and the time period in which an option may be exercised. The exercise price per share of incentive stock options granted under the 2016 Plan shall be established in the discretion of the AEye Board, provided, however, that the exercise price per share for an option must be at least 100% of the fair market value per share of AEye Common Stock on the grant date; provided that the exercise price for an incentive stock option granted to a 10% or more holder of AEye Common Stock will be no less than 110% of the fair market value per share of AEye Common Stock on the grant date. Nonqualified stock options may be granted with a per share exercise price that is less than 100% of the per share fair market value of AEye Common Stock. The aggregate fair market value of the shares with respect to which incentive stock options may be exercisable for the first time by an option holder in any calendar year, under the 2016 Plan or otherwise, may not exceed $100,000 (or such higher amount as permitted under Section 422 of the Code). Subject to the provisions of the 2016 Plan, the administrator determines the other terms of options, including any vesting and exercisability requirements, the method of payment of the option exercise price, the option expiration date (which may be no more than 10 years from the date of grant, or 5 years for an incentive stock option granted to a 10% or more holder of AEye Common Stock), and the period following termination of service during which options may remain exercisable.

Capital Adjustments. In the event of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, reincorporation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination of shares, exchange of shares or similar change affecting AEye’s capital structure, or in the event of payment of a dividend or distribution to the stockholders of AEye in a form other than stock (excepting regular, periodic cash dividends) that has a material effect on the fair market value of shares of AEye’s stock, the Administrator will make appropriate adjustments to the maximum number of shares that may be delivered under the 2016 Plan, to the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options, to the maximum number of shares that may be issued with respect to stock options that are not incentive stock options, and will also make appropriate adjustments to the number and kind of shares of stock or securities

subject to awards then outstanding or subsequently granted, and to any exercise price or purchase price relating to awards in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of participants’ rights under the 2016 Plan.

Effect of Merger. Each AEye option that was outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time of the Merger, whether vested or unvested, was assumed by CF III and converted into an option to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock under the Equity Incentive Plan (each an “Assumed Option”). Each Assumed Option is subject to substantially the same terms and conditions as were applicable to such option immediately prior to the Effective Time (including expiration date, vesting conditions, and exercise provisions), except that (i) each Assumed Option is exercisable for that number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the product (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of (A) the number of shares of CF III Common Stock subject to AEye’s option immediately prior to the Effective Time multiplied by (B) the Exchange Ratio; and (ii) the per share exercise price for each share of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Assumed Option is equal to the quotient (rounded up to the nearest whole cent) obtained by dividing (A) the exercise price per share of AEye Common Stock subject to such AEye stock immediately prior to the Effective Time by (B) the Exchange Ratio; provided, however, that the exercise price and the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable under each Assumed Option are determined in a manner consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code; provided, further, that in the case of any AEye option to which Section 422 of the Code applies, the

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exercise price and the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable under such Assumed Option are determined in accordance with the foregoing in a manner that satisfies the requirements of Section 424(a) of the Code.

Plan Amendment or Termination. The AEye Board may amend, modify, or terminate the 2016 Plan at any time. No amendment, modification or termination of the 2016 Plan or an award agreement shall in any manner adversely affect any options, restricted stock awards, or other award theretofore granted under the 2016 Plan, without the consent of the participant holding such options, restricted stock awards, or other awards; provided that the AEye Board may amend or modify the terms of the 2016 Plan or an award agreement, retroactively or prospectively, as permitted under the 2016 Plan to comply with changes in accounting or tax rules or to comply with Section 409A with or without the consent of the participant.

AEye, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan

The purpose of the AEye, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”) is to advance the interests of our Company and our stockholders by providing an incentive to attract, retain and reward persons for performing services and by motivating such persons to contribute to the growth and profitability of our Company and its subsidiaries. The Incentive Plan provides for the grant of RSU awards, incentive stock options (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code), nonstatutory stock options, SARs, restricted stock awards, performance units, performance shares, cash-based awards, and other stock-based awards.

Shares Available for Awards. Under the Incentive Plan, 15,440,430 shares of our Common Stock are initially reserved for issuance thereunder. The number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Incentive Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2022 and continuing through January 1, 2032, by 5% of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares as may be determined by the Board. The following shares of common stock will become available again for issuance under the Incentive Plan: (i) any shares subject to a stock award that are not issued because such stock award expired or was canceled or terminated without all of the shares covered by such stock award having been exercised or settled in full; (ii) any shares subject to any portion of a stock award that is settled in cash; (iii) any shares issued pursuant to a stock award that are forfeited back to or repurchased for an amount not greater than the award’s purchase price by the Company; (iv) any shares reacquired by the Company or withheld in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on a stock award; and (v) any shares reacquired by the Company or withheld as consideration for the exercise price of a stock option.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Limit. Under the Incentive Plan, the annual compensation awarded to any non-employee directors of the Company during each calendar year, including both shares subject to stock awards granted under the Incentive Plan or otherwise and any cash fees paid to such non-employee director during any calendar year may not exceed $750,000 in total value, or $1 million for the calendar year in which a non-employee director is first elected to the Company’s Board (calculating the value of any such stock awards based on the grant date fair market value of such stock awards for financial reporting purposes). Such limitation on non-employee director stock awards does not apply to any cash retainer fees, including cash retainer fees converted into equity awards at the election of the non-employee director, expense reimbursements, or distributions from any deferred compensation program applicable to the non-employee director.

Administration. The Incentive Plan is concurrently administered by our Board or compensation committee. Our Board or compensation committee may each be considered to be a “Plan Administrator”. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan, the Plan Administrator has full and final power and authority to make all determinations and take all actions with respect to the Incentive Plan or any award as Plan Administrator may deem advisable to the extent not inconsistent with the provisions of the Incentive Plan or applicable law, including: determine the recipients of awards, the types of awards to be granted, the number of shares of common stock subject to or the cash value of awards, the terms and conditions of awards granted, and the criteria to be satisfied by participants

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as a condition to receipt of performance awards under the Incentive Plan, including the period of their exercisability and vesting. The Plan Administrator also has the authority to provide for accelerated exercisability and vesting of awards. Subject to the limitations set forth below, the Plan Administrator also determines the fair market value applicable to a stock award and the exercise price of stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the Incentive Plan.

Amendment and Termination. The Plan Administrator may at any time amend the Incentive Plan or any outstanding award and may at any time terminate or suspend the Incentive Plan as to future grants of awards, provided that the Plan Administrator may not, without the affected award recipient’s consent, alter the terms of the Plan so as to materially adversely affect a participant’s rights under an award without the consent of the Participant. Consistent with any applicable law, regulation or rule, including the rules of any stock exchange, the Incentive Plan requires stockholder approval of certain material revisions to the Incentive Plan, including: (a) an increase in the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Incentive Plan (except by operation of the provisions of the Incentive Plan relating to changes in our capital structure),

(b) a change in the class of persons eligible to receive incentive stock options, or (c) or as otherwise required by applicable law, regulation, or rule. No awards may be made under the Incentive Plan following the ten (10) year anniversary of the earlier of the date that the board of directors or the stockholders approve the Incentive Plan, but previously granted awards may continue in accordance with their terms beyond that date unless earlier terminated by the Plan Administrator.

Eligibility. All of the Company’s (including its subsidiaries) employees, non-employee directors, officers, and consultants are eligible to participate in the Incentive Plan and may receive all types of awards other than incentive stock options. Incentive stock options may be granted under the Incentive Plan only to the Company’s employees (including officers) and employees of its subsidiary corporations (as determined in accordance with Section 422 and Section 424 of the Code).

Terms and Conditions of Awards. Generally, the Plan Administrator will determine the terms of all awards under the Incentive Plan, including the vesting and acceleration of vesting of awards, provisions for the withholding of taxes, and payment of amounts in lieu of cash dividends or other cash distributions with respect to our Common Stock subject to awards.

Terms and Conditions for Awards Requiring Exercise. Incentive stock options and, except as provided in the award agreement, nonqualified stock options, may not be transferred other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and during an employee’s lifetime may be exercised only by the employee or the employee’s guardian or legal representative. Upon the cessation of a participant’s employment with us, an award requiring exercise will cease to be exercisable and will terminate and all other unvested awards will be forfeited, except that:

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The exercise price (or base value from which appreciation is to be measured) of each award requiring exercise will be 100% of the fair market value of the Common Stock subject to such award, as determined on the effective date of the grant, or such higher amount as the Plan Administrator may determine; provided that incentive stock options granted to participants who own stock of possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock or any parent corporation, subsidiary corporation or affiliate (a “Ten Percent Holder”) must have an exercise price per share not less than 110% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the effective date the incentive stock option is granted. Fair market value will be determined by the Plan Administrator consistent with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

Awards requiring exercise will have a maximum term not to exceed ten (10) years from the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to a Ten Percent Holder will have a maximum term not to exceed five (5) years from the date of grant.

Effect of a Change in Control. In the event of a “Change in Control” each outstanding award shall be subject to the definitive agreement entered into by the Company in connection with the “Change in Control.” The Incentive Plan defines a “Change in Control” as the occurrence of any one or a combination of the following:

provided, however, that a Change in Control shall be deemed not to include a transaction in which a majority of the members of the board of directors of the continuing, surviving or successor entity, or parent thereof, immediately after such transaction is comprised of incumbent directors.

However, in certain instances, the term “Change in Control” may be given a more limited meaning. If an amount treated as nonqualified deferred compensation within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code would become payable under the Plan upon, or on a date specified in relation to, a change in control event, that event must qualify as a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company within the meaning of Section 409A.

Changes in and Distributions with Respect to Our Common Stock. In the event of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, reincorporation, recapitalization, reclassification, stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split,

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split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination of shares, exchange of shares or similar change affecting our Common Stock, or in the event of payment of a dividend or distribution to our stockholders in a form other than common stock (excepting regular, periodic cash dividends) that has a material effect on the fair market value of shares of our stock, the Plan Administrator will make appropriate adjustments to the maximum number of shares that may be delivered under the Incentive Plan, to the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options, to the maximum number of shares that may be issued with respect to stock options that are not incentive stock options, and will also make appropriate adjustments to the number and kind of shares of stock or securities subject to awards then outstanding or subsequently granted, and to any exercise price or purchase price relating to awards in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of participants’ rights under the Incentive Plan.

Effect of Section 280G and Section 4999 of the Code in Connection with a Change in Control. If any acceleration of vesting pursuant to an award granted under the Incentive Plan and any other payment or benefit received or to be received by a participant in the Incentive Plan would subject the participant to any excise tax pursuant to Section 4999 of the Code due to the characterization of such acceleration of vesting, payment or benefit as an “excess parachute payment” under Section 280G of the Code, then, provided such election would not subject the Participant to taxation under Section 409A, the participant may elect to reduce the amount of any acceleration of vesting called for under the award in order to avoid such characterization.

Clawback Policy. The Plan Administrator may specify in any award agreement that an award granted under the Incentive Plan and the participant’s rights, payments, and benefits with respect to such award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, or recoupment upon the occurrence of specified events, in addition to any otherwise applicable vesting or performance conditions of the award. Such events may include, but are not limited to, termination of the participant’s service for cause (within the meaning of the Incentive Plan) or any accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirements. If we are required to prepare an accounting restatement, any participant who knowingly or through gross negligence engaged or failed to prevent the misconduct, and any participant who is one of the individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, will reimburse us for (i) the amount of any payment in settlement of an award received by such participant during the 12-month period following the first public issuance or filing with the SEC (whichever first occurred) of the financial document embodying such financial reporting requirement, and (ii) any profits realized by such participant from the sale of our securities during such 12-month period.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the grant, exercise and vesting of awards under the Incentive Plan and the disposition of shares acquired pursuant to the exercise or settlement of such awards and is intended to reflect the current provisions of the Code and the regulations thereunder. This summary is not intended to be a complete statement of applicable law, nor does it address foreign, state, local or payroll tax considerations. This summary further assumes that all awards described in the summary are exempt from, or comply with, the requirement of Section 409A of the Code. Moreover, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to any particular participant may differ from those described herein by reason of, among other things, the particular circumstances of such participant.

Stock Options. Holders of incentive stock options will generally incur no federal income tax liability at the time of grant or upon vesting or exercise of those options. However, the spread at exercise may give rise to “alternative minimum tax” liability for the taxable year in which the exercise occurs. If the holder does not dispose of the shares before the later of two years following the date of grant and one year following the date of exercise, the difference between the exercise price and the amount realized upon disposition of the shares will constitute long-term capital gain or loss, as the case may be. Assuming the holding period is satisfied, no deduction will be allowed to us for federal income tax purposes in connection with the grant or exercise of the incentive stock option or the disposition of the shares acquired on exercise of the option. If, within two years

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following the date of grant or within one year following the date of exercise, the holder of shares acquired through the exercise of an incentive stock option disposes of those shares, the participant will generally realize taxable compensation at the time of such disposition equal to the difference between the exercise price and the lesser of the fair market value of the share on the date of exercise or the amount realized on the subsequent disposition of the shares, and that amount will generally be deductible by us for federal income tax purposes, subject to the possible limitations on deductibility under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to individuals designated in those Sections. Finally, if incentive stock options (granted under all stock plans of the Company and its parent and subsidiary corporations, including the Equity Incentive Plan) first become exercisable by a participant in any one year for shares having an aggregate value in excess of $100,000 (based on the grant date value), the portion of the incentive stock options in respect of those excess shares will be treated as non-qualified stock options for federal income tax purposes.

No income will be realized by a participant upon grant or vesting of an option that does not qualify as an incentive stock option (a “non-qualified stock option”). Upon the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, the participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the underlying exercised shares over the option exercise price paid at the time of exercise, and the participant’s tax basis will equal the sum of the compensation income recognized and the exercise price. We will be able to deduct this same excess amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain individuals designated in those Sections. In the event of a sale of shares received upon the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, any appreciation or depreciation after the exercise date generally will be taxed as capital gain or loss and will be

long-term gain or loss if the holding period for such shares is more than one year.

SARs. No income will be realized by a participant upon grant or vesting of a SAR. Upon the exercise of a SAR, the participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the fair market value of the payment received in respect of the SAR. We will be able to deduct this same amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain individuals designated in those Sections.

Restricted Stock. A participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant of an award of restricted stock unless the participant otherwise elects to be taxed at the time of grant pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code. On the date an award of restricted stock becomes transferable or is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (i.e.,

the vesting date), the participant will have taxable compensation equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on that date over the amount the participant paid for such shares, if any, unless the participant made an election under Section 83(b) of the Code to be taxed at the time of grant. If the participant made an election under Section 83(b), the participant will have taxable compensation at the time of grant equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant over the amount the participant paid for such shares, if any. If the election is made, the participant will not be allowed a deduction for restricted stock forfeited subsequently required to be returned to us. (Special rules apply to the receipt and disposition of restricted shares received by officers and directors who are subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.) We will be able to deduct, at the same time as it is recognized by the participant, the amount of taxable compensation to the participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain individuals designated in those Sections.

Restricted Stock Units. A participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant or vesting of a restricted stock unit award. Rather, upon the delivery of shares or cash pursuant to a restricted stock unit award, the participant will have taxable compensation equal to the fair market value of the number of shares (or the amount of cash) the participant actually receives with respect to the award. We will be able to deduct the amount of taxable compensation to the participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but the deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain individuals designated in those Sections.

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Benefits, Perquisites and Retirement Benefits

We provide benefits to our NEOs on the same basis as provided to all of our employees, including medical, dental and vision insurance, life insurance, short-and long-term disability insurance. We do not maintain any ongoing executive-specific benefit or perquisite programs.

All of our U.S. employees are eligible to participate in broad-based and comprehensive employee benefit programs, including medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance, and a 401(k) plan with Company contributions. Our NEOs are eligible to participate in these plans on the same basis as our other employees and do not participate in executive level benefit programs. Other than our 401(k) plan, we do not sponsor or maintain any deferred compensation or retirement plans. The Company contributions to the 401(k) plan on behalf of each NEO in fiscal year 2021 are included in the “Summary Compensation Table” above under the column “All Other Compensation.”

Potential Payments upon a Termination or a Change in Control

Other than a standard Employee Proprietary Information and Invention Agreement (“EPIIA”) that is signed by each of our employees at the commencement of their employment, including our NEOs, we did not have employment agreements with any of our NEOs. Each NEO is employed on at “at-will” basis. However, our Compensation Committee did provide each of our NEOs with a Change in Control Severance Agreement in March of 2022 that provides in the event of a defined change in control and a separation from service, also known as a “double trigger,” the NEO would be entitled to 1.5 times annual base pay and target bonus, prorated target bonus for the year in which the separation from service occurred, an acceleration of all granted but unvested equity awards, and paid health insurance premiums for 18 months from the separation of service.

Our Board approved the terms of a form of Change in Control Severance Agreement (the “Severance Agreement”) to be entered into with eligible participants, including each of the Company’s NEOs. The Severance Agreement provides for severance payments and benefits in the event that the participant: (i) voluntarily resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Severance Agreement) or (ii) is involuntary terminated by the Company without “cause” (as defined in the Severance Agreement), and such separation from service occurs in connection with, or within a specified period of time following, a “change in control” (as defined in the Severance Agreement) (each, a “Covered Termination”). Upon a Covered Termination, and subject to his or her satisfaction of the conditions provided in the Severance Agreement, an eligible participant, including our NEOs, would be entitled to receive: (i) severance pay equal to 1.5 times the sum of such participant’s annual base salary and target bonus; (ii) an annual bonus payment prorated for the year in which the Covered Termination occurs; (iii) accelerated vesting and exercisability of all then-outstanding equity awards; and (iv) payment of group health insurance coverage for a period of 18 months following the Covered Termination.

Additionally, potential payments may be triggered upon change in control with respect to following grants:

Mr. LaCorte’s Notice of Grant of Stock Option, dated October 1, 2020, provides that 100% of the unvested shares subject to the option will immediately vest if Mr. LaCorte is terminated without “cause” within 12 months of a “change in control” (which does not include the Merger). The Notice of Grant of Stock Option by and between the Company and Blair LaCorte, dated June 1, 2017, provides that 50% of the unvested shares subject to the option will immediately vest if Mr. LaCorte is terminated without “cause” within 12 months of a “change in control.”

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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth the outstanding equity awards held by each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2021.

Director Compensation

The table below sets forth information regarding non-employee director compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

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Director Compensation in 2021

Ms. DiBattiste, Mr. Dunn, Prof. Dr. Gottschalk, Mr. Hsieh, and Dr. Neumann, who became directors of the Company in connection with the closing of the Merger, received a grant of RSUs pursuant to our 2021 Equity Plan in connection with the Merger. The RSUs vest in three equal annual installments, subject to continued service, on September 14, 2022, September 14, 2023, and September 14, 2024.

In 2021, and thereafter, all of our non-employee directors will be compensated for services in accordance with our non-employee director compensation policy that became effective in connection with the Merger, as described below.

Messrs. Dussan and LaCorte, as employee directors, do not receive any additional compensation for their services as a director. Ms. Zeifman joined our Board of Directors as of January 17, 2022, and therefore received no compensation for Board service in 2021, but she will receive compensation for her service in 2022 and thereafter.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy

Cash Compensation

Commencing with the closing of the Merger, each non-employee director is eligible to receive the following cash compensation (as applicable) for his or her service on our Board of Directors and its committees:

The annual cash compensation amounts are payable in equal quarterly installments and are earned on the first day of each calendar quarter in which the service occurred. For services rendered in the third calendar quarter of 2021, the Board of Directors determined that cash compensation for the third calendar quarter, because the closing date of the Merger occurred on August 16, 2021, should be one-half of the full quarterly payment otherwise due.

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Each non-employee director has the option, once per year, to elect to receive shares of immediately vested RSUs in lieu of his or her quarterly cash compensation. If elected by a director to take stock instead of cash, the number of shares to be awarded each quarter is determined by dividing the cash compensation that would otherwise be due, by the five-day average closing price of our stock during the five trading days prior to the first day of the calendar quarter. In 2021, only Mr. Dunn opted to take equity in lieu of cash compensation.

Equity Compensation

Each new non-employee director who joins our Board of Directors will be eligible to receive a one-time RSU award having a value of $350,000 (the “Initial RSU Grant”), vesting in three equal annual installments following the grant date. On the date of each annual meeting of our stockholders, each non-employee director will receive an RSU award having a value of $175,000 (the “Annual RSU Grant”), provided that the non-employee director has served for a minimum of six months prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders. Each Annual RSU Grant will vest in full on the earlier of (1) the date of the following annual meeting of our stockholders or (2) the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the non-employee director’s continued service through the applicable vesting date. The number of shares for the Initial RSU Grant and Annual RSU Grant are determined by dividing the stated dollar value of the award by the five-day average closing price of our stock during the five trading days prior to the date of grant.

Reimbursement of Expenses

In addition to the compensation outlined above, we will reimburse each eligible non-employee director for reasonable out of-pocket travel expenses to cover in-person attendance at and participation in meetings of our Board of Directors and any committee of the Board of Directors.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

Our Board has adopted stock ownership guidelines for all non-employee directors whereby we expect that, at a minimum, by the fifth anniversary of his or her first election to the Board, each director shall have acquired, and for as long as he or she remains a member of the Board will maintain ownership of, $525,000 worth of the Company’s common stock based on the then most recent closing price thereof, which is equal to three times $175,000, which is the dollar amount of the annual grant of equity to our non-employee directors. All unvested restricted stock units that have been granted to a Director count toward the indicated minimum dollar value. None of our non-employee directors have served on our Board for at least five years, therefore, the requirement is not yet applicable

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In addition to the compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers described under “Executive Compensation” and “Management”, the following is a description of each transaction since January 1, 2020 and each currently proposed transaction in which:

CF III Related Party Transactions

Founder Shares

In March 2016, the Sponsor purchased 5,750,000 Founder Shares for an aggregate price of $25,000. On September 24, 2020, CF III effectuated a 2.5-for-1 stock split of its outstanding CF III Common Stock. In addition, on October 5, 2020, the Sponsor returned to CF III, at no cost, an aggregate of 8,625,000 Founder Shares, which were cancelled, resulting in an aggregate of 5,750,000 Founder Shares outstanding and held by the Sponsor. In October and November 2020, the Sponsor transferred 20,000 Founder Shares to each of Mr. Robert Sharp and Mr. Robert Hochberg, respectively, each an independent director of CF III. All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock split and Founder Shares cancellation. The Founder Shares automatically converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the Effective Time and are subject to certain transfer restrictions. Immediately following the Closing, the Sponsor transferred to Lidar AI Investments LLC (“Lidar AI”) 2,284,000 shares of Class A Common Stock in consideration for certain members of Lidar AI introducing CF III to AEye Technologies and the consulting and other services that the members of Lidar AI provided to CF III in connection with the Merger.

The Sponsor, Lidar AI, and CF III’s officers and directors have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of the Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) one year after the completion of the Merger or (B) subsequent to the Merger, (x) if the last reported sale price of Class A Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after the Merger, or (y) the date on which CF III completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of CF III’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Common Stock for cash, securities or other property.

Private Placement

Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 500,000 private placement units at a price of $10.00 per unit ($5,000,000 in the aggregate), which at the Effective Time separated pursuant to their terms into 500,000 shares of Common Stock and 166,666 Warrants with an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The Warrants are non-redeemable and exercisable on a cashless basis so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. The Warrants will expire five years after the completion of the Merger.

The Sponsor and CF III’s officers and directors have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to transfer, assign or sell any of their Placement Units until 30 days after the completion of the Merger.

Underwriting Agreement

Pursuant to an underwriting agreement dated November 12, 2020, between CF III, on the one hand, and CF&Co. and Odeon Capital Group LLC (“Odeon”), on the other hand, CF III paid a total of $4,000,000 in underwriting

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discounts and commissions for CF&Co.’s services as the representative of the underwriters in the IPO and $100,000 to Odeon for serving as the qualified independent underwriter.

Business Combination Marketing Agreement

Pursuant to a business combination marketing agreement, dated November 12, 2020, between CF III and CF&Co., CF III engaged CF&Co. as an advisor to assist CF III in arranging meetings with its stockholders to discuss CF III’s initial business combination and the target business’ attributes, introducing CF III to potential investors that are interested in purchasing CF III’s securities in connection with its initial business combination, providing financial advisory services to assist CF III in obtaining stockholder approval for its initial business combination, and assisting CF III with its press releases and public filings in connection with such transaction. CF III agreed to pay CF&Co. a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of its initial business combination in an amount equal to, in the aggregate, 3.5% of the gross proceeds of the base offering amount of the IPO and 5.5% of the gross proceeds of the over-allotment offering amount of the IPO, or $8.65 million in the aggregate, which such amount was paid to CF&Co. upon consummation of the Merger.

Related Party Loans and Other Transactions

The Sponsor made available to the Company, under the Pre-IPO Note, up to $300,000 to be used for a portion of the expenses of the Initial Public Offering. Prior to closing the Initial Public Offering, the amount outstanding under the Pre-IPO Note was $139,870. The Pre-IPO Note was non-interest bearing and was repaid in full upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.

In order to finance transaction costs in connection with the Merger, the Sponsor has committed, pursuant to the Sponsor Loan, up to $1,750,000 to be provided to the Company to fund the Company’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting a target business and other working capital requirements, including $10,000 per month for office space, administrative and shared personnel support services that will be paid to the Sponsor, after the Initial Public Offering and prior to the Merger. On April 30, 2021, the Sponsor funded the amount needed to extend the Company’s time to consummate the Merger from May 17, 2021 to September 17, 2021 and agreed to fund the amount needed to further extend the Company’s time to consummate the Merger to January 17, 2022, if necessary. In connection therewith, the Company issued the Sponsor a promissory note in the amount of $2,300,000 and an additional amount of $0.10 per Public Share was deposited in the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was approximately $3,461,000 and $428,000, respectively, outstanding under the loans payable by the Company to the Sponsor, including approximately $1,161,000 and $428,000, respectively, outstanding under the Sponsor Loan and an additional $2,300,000 and $0, respectively, outstanding under the loan payable to the Sponsor as a result of the extension of the Combination Period from May 17, 2021 to September 17, 2021.

The Sponsor pays expenses on the Company’s behalf. The Company reimburses the Sponsor for such expenses paid on its behalf. The unpaid balance is included in Payables to related parties on the accompanying balance sheet. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had accounts payable outstanding to the Sponsor for such expenses paid on the Company’s behalf of approximately $109,000 and $4,300, respectively.

Registration Rights Agreement

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into in November 2020, the holders of Founder Shares and Private Placement Units (and component securities), including the Sponsor and certain directors of CF III, are entitled to certain demand and “piggyback” registration rights. We will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement in Connection with PIPE Investment

Contemporaneously with the execution of the Original Merger Agreement, CF III entered into subscription agreements with the PIPE investors, including the Sponsor. The Sponsor purchased 950,000 shares of Class A

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Common Stock at a price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price $9.5 million. Following Closing, the Sponsor assigned 450,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to an unrelated third-party.

Sponsor Support Agreement

Contemporaneously with the execution of the Original Merger Agreement, CF III entered into a Sponsor Support Agreement with the Sponsor and AEye Technologies, pursuant to which, among other things: (i) for the benefit of AEye Technologies, the Sponsor agreed to comply with its obligations under the Inside Letter, by and among CF III, the Sponsor and certain officers and directors of CF III to not transfer, to not participate in the redemption and to vote its shares of CF III Common Stock in favor of the Merger Agreement and the business combination (including the Merger), other than as permitted by the Sponsor Support Agreement, and CF III agreed to enforce such provisions, and CF III and the Sponsor provided AEye Technologies with certain consent rights with respect to transfers of CF III securities owned by the Sponsor and amendments, modifications or waivers under the Insider Letter, (ii) to waive its anti-dilution rights with respect to its shares of Class B Common Stock under the CF III certificate of incorporation, and (iii) to release CF III, AEye Technologies, Merger Sub and their respective subsidiaries effective as of the Closing from all pre-Closing claims, subject to customary exceptions.

In April 2021, contemporaneously with the execution of the Amendment to the Merger Agreement, CF III, the Sponsor and AEye Technologies amended the Sponsor Support Agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor funded the amount needed to extend the deadline for CF III to consummate its initial Merger from May 17, 2021 to September 17, 2021.

Engagement Letters

Pursuant to an engagement letter entered in February 2021 (the “PIPE Engagement Letter”), CF III engaged CF&Co. to act as sole placement agent for the PIPE Investment for a placement fee equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any sale of securities of CF III upon the closing of the PIPE Investment. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and based on the aggregate PIPE Investment of $225 million, CF&Co. received a cash fee of $6.75 million payable upon consummation of the PIPE Investment.

Pursuant to an engagement letter entered in February 2021 (the “M&A Engagement Letter”), CF III engaged CF&Co. to act as its financial advisor to perform customary services for CF III in connection with the Merger. Pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter, CF&Co. received a cash fee of $10.0 million payable upon consummation of the Merger.

AEye Related Party Transactions

Stockholder Support Agreement

In February 2021, AEye Technologies, CF III and certain key AEye Technologies Stockholders entered into the Original Stockholder Support Agreement. On April 30, 2021, CF III, AEye Technologies, and certain AEye Technologies Stockholders entered into the A&R Stockholder Support Agreement, whereby the AEye Technologies Stockholders party to the Original Stockholder Support Agreement reaffirmed their undertaking to vote all of their shares of AEye Technologies Common Stock and AEye Technologies Preferred Stock in favor of the approval and adoption of the Merger Agreement and the approval of the Business Transaction. Additionally, such AEye Technologies Stockholders reaffirmed their other obligations under the Original Stockholder Support Agreement and the Lock-Up Agreements entered into by such AEye Technologies Stockholders, including, among other things, the agreement (i) not to transfer their shares of AEye Technologies Common Stock or AEye Technologies Preferred Stock (or enter into any arrangement with respect thereto) for a certain period of time or (b) to grant any proxy that is inconsistent with the proxy granted in the A&R Stockholder Support Agreement.

Luis Dussan, Blair LaCorte, Taiwania Capital Buffalo Fund Co., Ltd, KPCB Holdings, Inc, as nominee, and General Motors Ventures LLC are parties to the Stockholder Support Agreement. Luis Dussan and Blair LaCorte

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are members of our Board, Taiwania Capital Buffalo Fund Co., Ltd is a current stockholder and affiliated with a former member of our Board, KPCB Holdings, Inc., as nominee is a current stockholder and is affiliated with a current member of our Board, and General Motors Ventures LLC currently holds more than 5% of our Common Stock.

Lock-Up Agreements

In February 2021, AEye Technologies, CF III and certain key AEye Technologies Stockholders entered into a Lock-Up Agreement, whereby each of the key AEye Technologies Stockholders agreed to not to sell or offer to sell their AEye Technologies capital stock for a certain period of time. Luis Dussan, Blair LaCorte, Taiwania Capital Buffalo Fund Co., Ltd, KPCB Holdings, Inc, as nominee, and General Motors Ventures LLC are parties to the A&R Stockholder Support Agreement. Luis Dussan and Blair LaCorte are members of our Board, Taiwania Capital Buffalo Fund Co., Ltd is a current stockholder and affiliated with a former member of our Board, KPCB Holdings, Inc., as nominee is a current stockholder and is affiliated with a current member of our Board, and General Motors Ventures LLC currently holds more than 5% of our Common Stock.

Equity Financings

2020 and 2021 Convertible Equity Instruments

Between February 2020 and January 2021, we issued convertible equity instruments in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $40 million to investors that included certain persons that currently hold more than 5% of our Common Stock, and affiliates of certain members of our Board. The convertible equity instruments accrue interest at a rate of 3.0% per annum. All of the convertible equity instruments automatically converted into shares of our Common Stock immediately prior to the Effective Time of the Merger. The following table summarizes the aggregate principal amount of convertible equity instruments issued to any of our current executive officers, directors, or holders of more than 5% of our Common Stock.

Series A Preferred Stock Financing

From October 2016 through November 13, 2017, pursuant to that certain Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, AEye Technologies sold an aggregate of 9,226,734 shares of AEye Technologies Series A Preferred Stock for a cash purchase price of $2.0423 per share or the conversion and cancellation of certain convertible promissory notes, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $19 million, pursuant to AEye Technologies’ Series A Preferred Stock financing. Each share of AEye Technologies’ Series A Preferred Stock converted automatically into shares of Class A Common Stock in connection with the completion of the Merger, as provided in the Merger Agreement.

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The following table summarizes the Series A Preferred Stock purchased by our executive officers, directors, or holders of more than 5% of our Capital Stock.

Series B Preferred Stock Financing

From October 31, 2018 to December 18, 2019, pursuant to that certain Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2018, AEye Technologies sold an aggregate of 7,156,991 shares of its AEye Technologies Series B Preferred Stock for a cash purchase price of $6.1923 per share or the conversion and cancellation of certain convertible promissory notes, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $43 million, pursuant to AEye Technologies’ Series B Preferred Stock financing. Each share of AEye Technologies Series B Preferred Stock converted automatically into Class A Common Stock at the Effective Time.

The following table summarizes the Series B Preferred Stock purchased by AEye’s executive officers, directors, or holders of more than 5% of AEye capital stock.

AEye Technologies Stockholder Agreements

In October 2018, in connection with its Series B Preferred Stock financing, AEye Technologies entered into an amended and restated investors’ rights agreement, right of first refusal and co-sale agreement, and voting agreement (collectively, the “AEye Stockholder Agreements”), which granted rights to certain holders of AEye capital stock, including Blair LaCorte, who is a member of our Board; KPCB Holdings, Inc., as nominee. which is affiliated with director Wen Hsieh; Taiwania Capital Buffalo Fund Co. Ltd., which is affiliated with former director Huang Lee; and General Motors Ventures LLC, which held more than 5% of AEye capital stock prior to the Merger (collectively, the “Agreement Parties”). Pursuant to the AEye Stockholder Agreements, the Agreement Parties agreed to vote in specified

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Stockholder Agreements also provided the Agreement Parties with certain registration rights, pre-emptive rights, information and inspection rights, drag-along rights, and right of first refusal and co-sale rights. The AEye Stockholder Agreements terminated upon the Closing of the Merger.

Related Person Transaction Policy Following the Merger

In connection with Closing of the Merger, we adopted a new written related party transaction policy. The policy provides that officers, directors, holders of more than 5% of any class of the Combined Entity’s voting securities, and any member of the immediate family of and any entity affiliated with any of the foregoing persons, will not be permitted to enter into a related-party transaction with the Combined Entity without the prior consent of the audit committee, or other independent members of the Combined Entity Board in the event it is inappropriate for the audit committee to review such transaction due to a conflict of interest. Any request for the Combined Entity to enter into a transaction with an executive officer, director, principal stockholder, or any of their immediate family members or affiliates, in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000, must first be presented to the audit committee for review, consideration, and approval. In approving or rejecting the proposed transactions, the audit committee will take into account all of the relevant facts and circumstances available. All of the transactions described in this section were entered into prior to the adoption of this policy.

Employment Relationship

Since November 2016, the Company has employed a sibling of Mr. Dussan, the Company’s President and Chief Technology Officer, who held initially held the position of Sr. Manager, Human Resources and was promoted to Director, Human Resources in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, Mr. Dussan’s sibling received total cash compensation of $115,000 and $136,000 respectively. In 2020, he was granted options to purchase 37,208 (post-business combination adjusted) shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.6262 per share (post-business combination adjusted). In 2021, he was granted 1,860 RSUs that vest over four years. In addition, he participates in all other benefits that the Company generally offers to all of its employees.

Indemnification Under Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws; Indemnification Agreements

The Amended Bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify its directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, subject to certain exceptions contained in the Amended Bylaws. In addition, the Company’s Amended Charter provides that the Company’s directors will not be liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with each of its executive officers and directors. The indemnification agreements provide the indemnitees with contractual rights to indemnification, and expense advancement and reimbursement, to the fullest extent permitted under the DGCL, subject to certain exceptions contained in those agreements.

Policy Regarding Related Party Transactions

The Board of Directors has adopted a written policy on transactions with related persons that is in conformity with the requirements for issuers having publicly held common stock that is listed on Nasdaq. The purpose of the policy is to describe the procedures used to identify, review, approve, and disclose, if necessary, any transaction, arrangement, or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements, or relationships) in which (i) the Company was, is, or will be a participant, (ii) the aggregate amount involved exceeds $120,000, and (iii) a related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, in each case, other than compensation arrangements approved by the Company’s Audit Committee. For purposes of the policy, a related person is (a) any person who is, or at any time since the beginning of our last fiscal year was, a director or executive officer of the Company or a nominee to become a director of the Company, (b) any person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company’s voting securities, (c) any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons sharing the same household as such person, or (d) any firm, corporation, or other entity in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is a general partner or principal or in a similar position, or in which such

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person has a 5% or greater beneficial ownership interest. The Company’s Audit Committee reviews and approves, or ratifies, each related party transaction, taking into account whether the terms are comparable to those obtained in an arm’s length transaction, the extent of the related person’s interest and other factors. If advance approval of a related party transaction is not feasible, then the transaction may be preliminarily entered into by management upon prior approval by the General Counsel, subject to ratification by the Audit Committee at its next regularly scheduled meeting. No director may participate in approval of a related party transaction for which he or she is a related person.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth information known to us regarding the beneficial ownership of our Common Stock as of April 29, 2022, by:

Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty (60) days.

The beneficial ownership percentages set forth in the table below are based on 157,151,687 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of April 29, 2022. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of such person, the Company deemed to be outstanding all shares subject to equity awards held by the person that are currently exercisable, or would be exercisable or would vest based on service-based vesting conditions within sixty (60) days of April 29, 2022. However, the Company did not deem such shares outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

Unless otherwise indicated, the Company believes that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock of the Company beneficially owned by them.

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

This prospectus relates to the possible resale from time to time by Tumim of any or all of the shares of Common Stock that may be issued by us to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. For additional information regarding the issuance to Tumim of Common Stock covered by this prospectus, see the section entitled “The Tumim Transaction” above. We are registering the shares of Common Stock pursuant to the provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement we entered into with Tumim on December 8, 2021 in order to permit Tumim to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except for the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, Tumim has not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.

The table below presents information regarding the Selling Stockholder and the shares of Common Stock that it may offer from time to time under this prospectus. This table is prepared based on information supplied to us by the Selling Stockholder, and reflects holdings as of April 29, 2022. The number of shares in the column “Maximum Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus” represents all of the shares of Common Stock that the Selling Stockholder may offer for resale under this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder may sell some, all or none of its shares in this offering. We do not know how long the Selling Stockholder will hold the shares before selling them, and we are not aware of any existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholder and any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our Common Stock being offered for resale by this prospectus.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, and includes shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Selling Stockholder has sole or shared voting and investment power. The percentage of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder prior to the offering shown in the table below is based on an aggregate of 157,151,687 shares of our Common Stock outstanding on April 29, 2022. Because the purchase price of the shares of Common Stock issuable under the Purchase Agreement is determined on the applicable Purchase Date with respect to a purchase, the number of shares that may actually be sold by us under the Purchase Agreement may be fewer than the number of shares being offered by this prospectus. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus.

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DESCRIPTION OF OUR SECURITIES

The following description of our securities is a summary and does not purport to be complete. The description is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to (i) our Amended Charter, (ii) our Amended Bylaws, (iii) the Warrant Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2020, between the Company and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Warrant Agreement”), (iv) the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 8, 2021, between the Company and Tumim Stone Capital LLC (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), and (v) the Form of Indemnification Agreement, each of which is incorporated by reference as exhibits to this prospectus.

General

Our purpose is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”). Our authorized capital stock consists of 300,000,000 shares of Common Stock and (b) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of the date of this prospectus, no shares of preferred stock are issued or outstanding. Unless our Board determines otherwise, we will issue all shares of our capital stock in uncertificated form.

Description of Common Stock

Voting Rights. Each holder of Common Stock is entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Common Stock held of record by such holder. The holders of shares of the Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights.

Dividend Rights. Subject to any other provisions of the Amended Charter, each holder of Common Stock is entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property of the Company when, as and if declared thereon by our Board from time to time out of assets or funds of the Company legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions.

Liquidation Rights. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to applicable law, the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the preferred stock, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of the shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive all the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.

Other Matters. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our Common Stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock, including any series of preferred stock which we may designate in the future. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. All outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Listing. The Common Stock is listed for trading on Nasdaq under the symbol “LIDR”.

Transfer Agent. Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acts as the transfer agent of the Common Stock.

Description of Preferred Stock

Under the terms of the Amended Charter, our Board has the authority, without stockholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock from time to time on terms it may determine, to divide shares of preferred stock into one or more class or series and to fix for each such class or series the designations, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preference, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the

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trading price of the Common Stock, restricting dividends on our capital stock, diluting the voting power of the Common Stock, impairing the liquidation rights of our capital stock, or delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company. Although we do not currently intend to issue any shares of preferred stock, we cannot assure you that we will not do so in the future.

Description of Warrants

Form. The Warrants were issued under the Warrant Agreement. The material terms and provisions of the Warrants are summarized below, but the following description is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the Warrant Agreement and the form of Warrant.

Exercisability. The Warrants are currently exercisable and may be exercised at any time up to five (5) years from August 16, 2021 or earlier upon redemption or liquidation, as applicable, at the option of each holder by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of Common Stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below).

Cashless Exercise. If the Common Stock is at the time of any exercise of a Warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that it satisfies the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company may, at its option, require holders of the Warrants who exercise such Warrants to exercise on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act as described in the Warrant Agreement, and in the event the Company so elects, the Company is not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement for the registration under the Securities Act of the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Private Placement Warrants may be exercised pursuant to a “cashless exercise” so long as such Private Placement Warrant is held by Sponsor or its permitted transferees (as defined in the Warrant Agreement).

Exercise Price. Each Warrant represents the right to purchase one share Common Stock at an original exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments as described in the Warrant Agreement, including a stock split or similar events and payments of certain dividends to the Common Stock.

Redemption. Other than the Private Placement Warrants, the Company may, at its option, redeem all of the outstanding Warrants at any time while they are exercisable and prior to their expiration upon notice to the holders thereof, at the price of $0.01 per Warrant, provided that (i) the last sales price of the Common Stock reported has been at least $18.00 per share (subject to adjustments as described in the Warrant Agreement), on each of twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is given and (ii) there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, and a current prospectus relating thereto, available throughout the redemption period, or the Company has elected to require the exercise of the Warrants on a “cashless basis”. The Warrants may be exercised at any time after notice of redemption shall have been given by the Company and prior to the redemption date.

Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our Common Stock, the holder of a Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our Common Stock, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Warrant.

Listing. The Warrants are listed for trading on the Nasdaq under the symbol “LIDRW”.

Warrant Agent. Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acts as the warrant agent and transfer agent for the Warrants.

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Registration Rights

The Company is a party to the Registration Rights Agreement entered in connection with a transaction pursuant to which Tumim Stone Capital LLC has committed to purchase the Company’s Common Stock. The Registration Rights Agreement requires the Company to prepare and file a registration statement to cover the resale under the Securities Act of registrable securities held by Tumim Stone Capital LLC.

Provisions of Our Amended Charter and Bylaws and Delaware Law That May Have Anti-Takeover Effects

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

Section 203 of the DGCL is applicable to takeovers of certain Delaware corporations, including us. Subject to exceptions enumerated therein, Section 203 provides that a corporation shall not engage in any business combination with any “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the date that the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder unless:

The term “business combination” is defined to include, among other transactions between an interested stockholder and a corporation or any direct or indirect majority owned subsidiary thereof: a merger or consolidation; a sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition (including as part of a dissolution) of assets having an aggregate market value equal to 10% or more of either the aggregate market value of all assets of the corporation on a consolidated basis or the aggregate market value of all the outstanding stock of the corporation; certain transactions that would result in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any of its stock to the interested stockholder; certain transactions that would increase the interested stockholder’s proportionate share ownership of the stock of any class or series of the corporation or such subsidiary; and any receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation or any such subsidiary.

Except as specified in Section 203, an interested stockholder is generally defined to include any person who, together with any affiliates or associates of that person, beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation, any time within three years immediately prior to the relevant date. Under certain circumstances, Section 203 makes it more difficult for an interested stockholder to effect various business combinations with a corporation for a three-year period, although the stockholders may elect not to be governed by this section, by adopting an amendment to the Amended Charter or the Bylaws, effective 12 months after adoption. Our Amended Charter and Bylaws do not opt out from the restrictions imposed under Section 203. We anticipate that the provisions of Section 203 may encourage companies interested in acquiring us to negotiate in advance with the board of directors because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if a majority of the directors then in office excluding an interested stockholder approve either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. These provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control, which could depress the market price of our Common Stock and deprive stockholders of opportunities to realize a premium on shares of Common Stock held by them.

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Amended Charter and Bylaw Provisions

In addition to the board of directors’ ability to issue shares of preferred stock, our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws contain the following provisions that may have the effect of discouraging unsolicited acquisition proposals:

Our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws also provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for:

Our Amended Charter and Amended Bylaws further provide that any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the company is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provision.

Quorum. Unless otherwise required by the DGCL or other applicable law, the holders of a majority of the voting power of our capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, will constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise required by law or provided by the certificate of incorporation. If, however, such quorum will not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, such stockholders will have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall attend.

Authorized but Unissued Capital Stock. The DGCL does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares. However, the listing requirements of NASDAQ, which would apply if and so long as the Common Stock remains listed on NASDAQ, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power or then outstanding number of shares of the Common Stock. Additional shares that may be issued in the future may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions.

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One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved Common Stock may be to enable our Board to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise and thereby protect the continuity of management and possibly deprive stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of the Common Stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.

Annual Stockholder Meetings. Our Amended Bylaws provide that annual stockholder meetings will be held at a date, time and place, if any, as exclusively selected by our Board. To the extent permitted under applicable law, our Board may conduct meetings by remote communications. Our Amended Bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice of their intent in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be received by our Secretary at our principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the open of business on the 120th day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding our annual meeting of stockholders. Pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, proposals seeking inclusion in our annual proxy statement must comply with the notice periods contained in the annual proxy statement. Our Amended Charter specifies certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders’ meeting. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Our Amended Bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice for an annual meeting. Specifically, a stockholder’s notice must include: (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event such business includes a proposal to amend the bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment) and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of our capital stock that are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder, (v) any material interest of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business and (vi) a representation that such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. These notice requirements will be deemed satisfied by a stockholder as to any proposal (other than nominations) if the stockholder has notified us of such stockholder’s intention to present such proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) of the Exchange Act, and such stockholder has complied with the requirements of such rule for inclusion of such proposal in a proxy statement prepared by us to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. The foregoing provisions may limit our stockholders’ ability to bring matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.

Special Meetings. The Amended Charter provides that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the chairman of our Board, our Chief Executive Officer or our Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of our Board. Our stockholders will not be eligible and will have no right to call a special meeting.

Our Amended Bylaws also provide that unless otherwise restricted by the Amended Charter or the Amended Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of our Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of our Board or committee thereof, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions (or paper reproductions thereof) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of our Board or committee thereof.

Amendment. The DGCL provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote on amendments to a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws is required to approve

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such amendment, unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, as the case may be, requires a greater percentage. The Amended Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed (A) by the affirmative vote of a majority of our entire Board; or (B) by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors. The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. We have entered, and expect to continue to enter, into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our Board. Under the terms of such indemnification agreements, we are required to indemnify each of our directors and officers, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the state of Delaware, if the basis of the indemnitee’s involvement was by reason of the fact that the indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or was serving at the Company’s request in an official capacity for another entity. We must indemnify our officers and directors against all expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement (if pre-approved), including all costs, expenses and obligations incurred in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in, participating in (including on appeal), or preparing to defend, be a witness or participate in any completed, actual, pending or threatened action, suit, proceeding or alternative dispute resolution mechanism, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other, arising out of the officers’ or directors’ role as an officer or director of the Company, or establishing or enforcing a right to indemnification under the indemnification agreement.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We are registering the resale of up to 30,865,419 shares of Common Stock by Tumim. Tumim will pay all sales and brokerage commissions and similar expenses in connection with the offer and resale of the Common Stock by Tumim pursuant to this prospectus. We will pay the expenses (except sales and brokerage commissions and similar expenses) incurred in registering under the Securities Act the offer and resale of the shares included in this prospectus by Tumim, including legal and accounting fees.

The shares of Common Stock covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholder. The Selling Stockholder will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale. Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then-current market price or in negotiated transactions. The Selling Stockholder may sell their shares of Common Stock by one or more of, or a combination of, the following methods:

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the Common Stock may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the Common Stock may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the state or an exemption from the state’s registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.

Tumim is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

Tumim has informed us that it intends to use one or more registered broker-dealers to effectuate all sales, if any, of our Common Stock that it has acquired and may in the future acquire from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Such sales will be made at prices and at terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price. Each such registered broker-dealer will be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act. Tumim has informed us that each such broker-dealer will receive commissions from Tumim that will not exceed customary brokerage commissions.

Brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus may receive compensation in the form of commissions, discounts, or concessions from the purchasers, for whom the broker-dealers may act as agent, of the shares sold by the Selling Stockholder through this prospectus. The compensation paid to any such particular broker-dealer by any such purchasers of shares of our Common Stock sold by the Selling Stockholder may be less than or in excess of customary commissions. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder can presently estimate the amount of compensation that any agent will receive from any purchasers of shares of our Common Stock sold by the Selling Stockholder.

We know of no existing arrangements between the Selling Stockholder or any other stockholder, broker, dealer, underwriter or agent relating to the sale or distribution of the shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus.

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We may from time to time file with the SEC one or more supplements to this prospectus or amendments to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to amend, supplement or update information contained in this prospectus, including, if and when required under the Securities Act, to disclose certain information relating to a particular sale of shares offered by this prospectus by the Selling Stockholder, including the names of any brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such shares by the Selling Stockholder, any compensation paid by the Selling Stockholder to any such brokers, dealers, underwriters or agents, and any other required information.

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and resale of the shares of our Common Stock covered by this prospectus by Tumim. As consideration for its irrevocable commitment to purchase our Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement, we have issued to Tumim 302,634 shares of our Common Stock as Commitment Shares. We also reimbursed Tumim for the fees and disbursements of its counsel incurred in connection with the Purchase Agreement in the amount of $50,000.

We also have agreed to indemnify Tumim and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of shares of our Common Stock offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Tumim has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by Tumim specifically for use in this prospectus or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore, unenforceable.

Reedland Capital Partners, acting through Weild & Co., member FINRA/SIPC (“Reedland”), acted as placement agent in connection with this offering. Pursuant to the terms of an engagement agreement we entered into with Reedland, upon settlement of each purchase that we may, in our sole discretion, direct Tumim Stone to make under the Purchase Agreement from time to time after the date of this prospectus, we have agreed to pay Reedland a cash placement fee equal to 2% of the aggregate gross purchase price paid by Tumim for the shares of common stock purchased by Tumim in such purchase, up to a cumulative maximum amount of $2.0 million. We have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless Reedland against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

We estimate that the total expenses for the offering will be approximately $134,620.86.

Tumim has agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, neither Tumim, nor any of its agents, representatives or affiliates will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our Common Stock or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our Common Stock. We have advised the Selling Stockholder that it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes the Selling Stockholder, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus.

This offering will terminate on the date that all shares of our Common Stock offered by this prospectus have been sold by the Selling Stockholder.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Shearman & Sterling LLP, Menlo Park, California.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of AEye, Inc. as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, included in this Registration Statement have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information about us and the shares of Common Stock offered hereby, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed thereto. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. We file periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act. The SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about registrants, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is www.sec.gov.

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AEye, Inc.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and Board of Directors of AEye, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of AEye, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

San Francisco, California

March 28, 2022

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

F-2